>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Von: Matt Mahoney [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote
This is a good example where a neural language model can solve the
problem. The approximate model is
phonemes -> words -> semantics -> grammar
where the phoneme set activates both the "apples" and "applies" neurons
at the word level. This is resolved by feedback from the semantics
level by the learned association (apple - tree), and by the grammar
level by the learned links (apple - NOUN) and the grammatical form (how
many NOUN are).
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
The mechanism how some neural patterns activate other patterns and the
reason for this is already well understood. I think mainly the statistical
occurrence of two patterns A and B at a same time strengthens synapses and
this has the consequence that whenever pattern A is active from perception
then pattern B will become active from memory. Of course this can be also
modeled by o-o software.
My example should show that even a very simple question activates thousands
of patterns (objects) in the brain in a stunning chain reaction.
Language itself can be seen as a sequential coded pattern which represents
the neural activity patterns in the brain of the person who speaks. And the
task of language is to activate similar patterns in other brains. It seems
that patterns of knowledge are in a certain sense individuals which have the
ambition to spread by reproduction in other brains.
This raises the question how patterns (classes) are created for the first
time i.e. initially learned in contrast to being activated.
Pure language can only cause the creation of patterns which are a
combination of existing patterns. As I said, language mainly activates
patterns.
The interesting question is how we learn the basic nouns like "ball" or
"cat", i.e. abstract concepts for objects of our environment. How do we
create the basic patterns?
This question cannot be understood alone by the mechanism of language.
The comprehension of visual perception and recognition of objects is
important.
Since I am currently in a philosophical mood here another interesting
question:
Sometimes I wonder whether we must explain the phenomenon of qualia to be
able to create AGI. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia/
In my opinion this is not necessary and I even think, that no person can
ever explain its phenomenon of qualia.
This is my rationale for my opinion:
When we want to explain a phenomenon we must reduce it to some basic things
which we understand and which we know or which we suppose to be true. We
know this from mathematics. The basic things are the axioms. Every proof
must be reducible to the axioms.
What are the basic axioms of our mind? In fact these are the qualia
phenomena. Everything we know is build from qualia!
Lets take something very abstract: Mathematics. Yes, even mathematics with
its axioms is build from qualia.
For example: (a+b)*(a+b) = a*a + 2*a*b + b*b
When we want to explain that this equation is really true then we use axioms
like: p*(q+r) = p*q + p*r
But remember how you learned the operators + and the axiom a+b = b+a in
school..
You was given pictures e.g. with apples.
We learned numbers by perception of pictures:
This is one apple ()
These are two apples: () ()
These are three apples () () ()
If you take one apple () and add two apples () () you get
Three apples () () ()
But if you take two apples first () () and add one apple ()
you also get three apples () () ().
So when we do mathematics, in fact everything is based on such examples
which we learned as child.
So even mathematics is based on perception. And every perception constitutes
of a set of qualia phenomena. Since every knowledge comes from perception
and every perception is based on qualia,
Every explanation is based on qualia. The qualia are the axioms of our
conscious mind.
By this we can conclude that we will never be able to explain the qualia
themselves because any explanation which explains the subject it should
explain by itself is no explanation.
-------------------------------------------
agi
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