Jaroslav Kysela wrote:
>
> On Mon, 17 Feb 2003, Jaroslaw Sobierski wrote:
>
> > > > b) sum overflow: we can lower volume of samples before sum; I think that
> > > > hardware works in this way, too
> > >
> > > Here I don't understand you. Suppose we have 3 samples to mix:
> > > a = 0x7500
> > > b = 0x7400
> > > c = 0x8300
> > >
> > > If you do a + b + c (in this order) you obtain:
> > > d=0
> > > d += a -> 7500
> > > d += b -> 0xe900 -> 0x7fff
> > > d += c -> 0x02ff
> > >
> > > while the correct result is 0x6c00. You see?
> >
> > AFAIK most hardware does not mix by reducing volume before the sum. On the
> > contrary, it is usually summed "as is" to a wider register, and often even so
> > used. For example, a sound card able to mix 16 chanels of 16 bits would have
> > a 16+4 bits or 24 bit register were the channels are added and no saturation
> > can occur. In good hardware this would not even be downscaled back to 16 bits,
> > but a 24 bit D/A converter would be used instead. In older times (Gravis Ultra
> > Sound and I think older SB AWE) this could easily be spotted by the difference
> > in supported "hardware" channels and "software" channels. A card with a 32 bit
> > sum register and 24 bit DA could support (as above) 16 hardware channels and
> > for example 64 software channels (mixed together in quadrouplets to the 16 hw).
> >
> > In our case, such "solution" would have to affect the whole buffer, meaning
> > we would need 3 (or better yet 4) bytes per sample, which would eventually get
> > reduced back to 2 bytes on the way out to the sound card. This seems neither
> > elegant nor memory efficient but would work, and also solves the "a)" problem
> > because we don't need to saturate so an atomic add can be performed on each
> > sample.
>
> Yes, this solution is good. I've though about it, too. Unfortunately, it
> adds additional transfers including saturation from the "sum" ring buffer
> to the DMA buffer of hardware.
I remember you that the main point of dmix existence is the "direct"
part.
If we'd need to use an intermediate buffer and a mixing thread, the dmix
approach lose our interest.
A solution might be to have a shared parallel sw ring buffer where to
store the exact value:
xadd(sw, *src);
do {
v = *sw;
if (v > 0x7fff)
s = 0x7fff;
else if (v < -0x8000)
s = -0x8000;
else
s = v;
*hw = v;
} while (unlikely(v != *sw));
This should solve also the atomicity update.
Comments?
--
Abramo Bagnara mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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