Hi,

Option B: using an SSH client config file

Alternatively I have tried using an implicit jump host through SSH client 
config with a slightly different way of setting up the jump host (through 
netcat). This results in exactly the same errors.

Host client-machine
   ProxyCommand ssh jumphost nc %h %p 2> /dev/null

Host jumphost
   Hostname jumphostname
   User jumphostuser


using jumphost here for backing up a remote host and it's VMs without any problems. What BackupPC version do you use?

Doing it like this on Debian 10 buster with BackupPC 3.3.2-2:

:~# su - backuppc
$ ssh target  # confirm fingerprint
$ cat ~/.ssh/config

#
Host your-real-host
  HostName your-real-ip-here
  Port 22       # or whatever you use
  ForwardAgent yes
  ForwardX11 no
  User root
#
Host first-vm-on-real-host
  HostName first-vm-ip-here
  ForwardAgent no
  ForwardX11 no
  User root
  Port 22
  ProxyCommand ssh root@your-real-host nc %h %p
#
Host 2nd-vm-on-real-host
  HostName 2nd-vm-ip-here
  ForwardAgent no
  ForwardX11 no
  User root
  Port 22
  ProxyCommand ssh root@your-real-host nc %h %p

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
$ ssh-copy-id your-real-host
$ ssh-copy-id first-vm-on-real-host
$ ssh-copy-id 2nd-vm-on-real-host

Perhaps you have to adjust /etc/ssh/sshd_config to allow ssh-key only access.

If you use any backuppc-wrapper-script on the real host, maybe adapt it to the ssh forwarding.

When trying manually, make sure you do not use your own loaded ssh key
thru ssh-agent, but really use the ssh key of the backuppc user. Prove that by:
ssh-add -l

HTH
Falko


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