I thought I would collect together the highlights from Taproot activating for
those strange Bitcoin history buffs (including myself). If you’d rather watch
in video form 0xB10C provided an excellent livestream [0] showing blocks and
transactions in the run up to and directly after Taproot activating.
Back in July [1] 0xB10C (with the help of F2Pool) spent from Taproot (P2TR)
outputs months before Taproot activated. Taproot rules weren’t being enforced
and hence these spends were treated as anyone-can-spend. Hence I won’t treat
these as the “first” Taproot spends as they didn’t need to meet Taproot
consensus rules.
Block 709631: The last block before Taproot rules were enforced was mined by
AntPool. By this point there were various P2TR outputs in blocks, some
timelocked for higher than block 709631 but others not timelocked. These
non-timelocked P2TR outputs were in effect anyone-can-spend like the ones
0xB10C spent from in July as Taproot rules were not yet being enforced. No P2TR
outputs were spent immediately before activation as far as I can tell.
Block 709632: The first block where full nodes started enforcing Taproot rules
was mined by F2Pool. It seems [2] F2Pool wasn’t enforcing Taproot rules and did
not include any Taproot spends (some with high fee rates) in this block. More
seriously an invalid Taproot spend included in this block could have cost them
the block reward and caused a re-org when full nodes (and miners) enforcing
Taproot rules rejected this block. Given they didn’t include any attempted
Taproot spends (valid or invalid) in the block this protected them from that
but it does lead to discussions for a later time on whether Speedy Trial
signaling was effective if some mining pools signaled readiness months previous
but then did not enforce the new soft fork rules on activation.
Block 709633: Mined by AntPool. Similar to F2Pool they didn’t include any
Taproot spends in this block and one would assume that they also weren’t
enforcing Taproot rules though this has not been confirmed.
Block 709634: Also mined by AntPool.
Block 709635: The first block which included (numerous) valid Taproot spends
(and no invalid Taproot spends) was mined by Foundry USA.
The first Taproot spend [3] was completed by bitbug42. It was a key path spend
and the OP_RETURN in this first Taproot spend contained the message “I like
Schnorr sigs and I cannot lie”.
Andrew Chow had the second Taproot spend [4] but the first script path spend.
He also spent from two Taproot vanity addresses beginning bc1ptapr00t which
were presumably generated using his Rust Bitcoin Vanity Address Generator [5].
Pieter Wuille had the third Taproot spend [6]. He also had the bronze medal for
SegWit spends on SegWit activation in 2017 [7], he was third then too. However,
his vanity address game stepped up for Taproot. For SegWit he spent from one
vanity address beginning 35Segwit. This time he spent from vanity addresses
beginning bc1ptapr00tearly, bc1pay2tapr00t, bc1pmyusetapr00t, bc1partytaptap
and this isn’t including all the vanity addresses that were sent to. He (with
Greg Maxwell’s help) searched 2.4 quadrillion keys in a week [8].
BitGo had the fourth Taproot spend [9] and the first Taproot multisig spend via
the script path. The script used OP_CHECKSIG and OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY which have
been modified with the Taproot upgrade to check Schnorr signatures but it
didn’t use the new opcode OP_CHECKSIGADD that has been introduced for threshold
(and multi) signatures. It contained an OP_RETURN message with “Thx Satoshi!
∞/21mil First Taproot multisig spend -BitGo”
jaoNoctus claimed the fifth Taproot spend and narcelio and ottosch claimed the
sixth and seventh Taproot spends.
The first use of OP_CHECKSIGADD on mainnet was completed [10] by Alekos Filini
using modified code [11] from the BDK (Bitcoin Dev Kit) library.
Any errors are my own and I will gladly correct. Thanks to 0xB10C, Greg
Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, Murch, Andrew Chow, BitGo, Daniel McNally, Rearden
Code, Alekos Filini, Chun, pinheadmz for highlighting these various events
online. Thanks to the various block explorers (Esplora, mempool.space etc) that
were very useful for monitoring Taproot activation. And thanks to the community
as a whole for participating and engaging with this successful upgrade. Without
participation and engagement these upgrades are meaningless and it is a great
sign for Bitcoin’s future that there was so much interest and scrutiny of this
upgrade.
[0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jijKVB1cNA,
https://www.twitch.tv/0xb10c/video/1204909643
[1]: https://b10c.me/blog/007-spending-p2tr-pre-activation/
[2]: https://twitter.com/satofishi/status/1459868549674065926?s=20
[3]: 33e794d097969002ee05d336686fc03c9e15a597c1b9827669460fac98799036
[4]: 37777defed8717c581b4c0509329550e344bdc14ac38f71fc050096887e535c8
[5]: https://github.com/achow101/rust-vanitygen
[6]: 83c8e0289fecf93b5a284705396f5a652d9886cbd26236b0d647655ad8a37d82
[7]: https://twitter.com/0xB10C/status/1459592608305582090?s=20
[8]: https://twitter.com/pwuille/status/1459778731548057603?s=20
[9]: 905ecdf95a84804b192f4dc221cfed4d77959b81ed66013a7e41a6e61e7ed530
[10]: 2eb8dbaa346d4be4e82fe444c2f0be00654d8cfd8c4a9a61b11aeaab8c00b272
[11]: https://gist.github.com/afilini/7c2c33af095ea975f52f5d68302c91d6
--
Michael Folkson
Email: michaelfolkson at protonmail.com
Keybase: michaelfolkson
PGP: 43ED C999 9F85 1D40 EAF4 9835 92D6 0159 214C FEE3
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