NETWORK WORLD NEWSLETTER: STEVE TAYLOR AND JOANIE WEXLER ON WIDE 
AREA NETWORKING
08/31/04
Today's focus:  Bandwidth efficiency an important consideration

Dear [EMAIL PROTECTED],

In this issue:

* Bandwidth efficiency through the ages
* Links related to Wide Area Networking
* Featured reader resource
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IS SECURITY RIPE FOR OUTSOURCING? 

Security demands for online applications such as e-commerce and 
Web services are prompting more corporate customers to hand off 
security functions - such as intrusion detection and firewalls - 
to outside service providers. Find out if security should be 
outsourced in this Network World article: 
http://www.fattail.com/redir/redirect.asp?CID=78285
_______________________________________________________________

Today's focus:  Bandwidth efficiency an important consideration

By Steve Taylor and Joanie Wexler

Over the years, one of the most important parameters in choosing 
technologies and equipment based on certain technologies has 
been efficiency. Simply put, efficiency is the percentage of 
bandwidth used for actual data transport as compared with the 
total bandwidth consumed - for both the data and the overhead - 
in the transport process. The bandwidth efficiency might also 
account for packet data efficiency.

Let's look at some historical examples. Twenty years ago, we 
were seeing the dawn of a new era of data networking when end 
users started purchasing T-1 and E-1 services - which were 
originally designed for voice traffic - and using these services 
to transport data. The efficiency issue here was actually based 
on efficiency of TDM techniques. T-1, for instance, was, and for 
that matter still is, extremely bandwidth-efficient for 
transporting 24 channels of 64K bit/sec PCM voice. In fact, the 
transport is almost 99.5% efficient since 1.536M bit/sec of the 
1.544M bit/sec transmission rate could be used for information 
transport.

However, the voice-centric formats, known as Superframe Format 
(SF) and Extended Superframe Format (ESF), were quite 
inefficient for data devices of the era. When using SF and ESF, 
12.5% of the remaining bandwidth was lost to guaranteeing "ones 
density" in most cases, resulting in the standard transmission 
speed of 56K bit/sec rather than 64K bit/sec. And the efficiency 
got even worse for the typical (for the day) data device speeds 
of 9.6K bit/sec and 19.2K bit/sec.

A number of companies, such as Timeplex, N.E.T., and General 
DataComm, emerged with products that used a proprietary 
"flexible framing" format optimized for squeezing traffic more 
efficiently into a TDM stream. They also introduced some of the 
first sub-64K bit/sec voice algorithms.

All of this was driven by the price of WAN bandwidth. After all, 
at this point a coast-to-coast T-1 circuit in the U.S. cost on 
the order of $40,000 per month. And this was for bandwidth that 
is of the same order of magnitude that you get from a consumer 
DSL or cable modem service today.

Next time we'll continue this discussion, moving on to packet 
technology.
_______________________________________________________________
To contact: Steve Taylor and Joanie Wexler

Steve Taylor is President of Distributed Networking Associates 
and Publisher/Editor-in-Chief of Webtorials.Com. For more 
detailed information on most of the topics discussed in this 
newsletter, connect to Webtorials.Com 
<http://www.webtorials.com/>, the first Web site dedicated 
exclusively to market studies and technology tutorials in the 
Broadband Packet areas of Frame Relay, ATM, and IP.  He can be 
reached at <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 

Joanie Wexler is an independent networking technology 
writer/editor in California's Silicon Valley who has spent most 
of her career analyzing trends and news in the computer 
networking industry. She welcomes your comments on the articles 
published in this newsletter, as well as your ideas for future 
article topics. Reach her at <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>.
_______________________________________________________________
This newsletter is sponsored by Statscout 
Blanket Network Performance Monitoring  

Monitor your entire network every 60 seconds with minimal impact 
on the network.  Businesses and organizations seeking detailed 
performance and troubleshooting reporting on networks of 1000 to 
200,000 network interfaces in size will benefit substantially 
from using Statscout.  Request your 30-day trial now, click here 

http://www.fattail.com/redir/redirect.asp?CID=78754
_______________________________________________________________
ARCHIVE LINKS

Archive of the WAN newsletter:
http://www.nwfusion.com/newsletters/frame/index.html
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