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One version of the history of the 2 sigma(I) limit:

Lyle Jensen told me that when they converted from integrated
Weissenberg cameras to diffractometers, they wanted to
carry over the concept of "less-thans" or "unobserveds"
so they could compare their new structure determinations
with their old ones.  The background fog on the films
matched with a 2 sigma(I) cutoff from the electronic
counters.  I'm not sure who all was involved in arriving
at the magic 2 sigma number, but it seemed to be taken
up by many investigators at the time (1960s?)

Ron

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