I initially liked Jonathan's idea of introducing a new proleptic calendar(s) to 
make it explicit when people care about the interpretation of negative years in 
the reference time, but, after thinking over the point discussed below, I would 
prefer to use a qualifier, e.g. `proleptic_gregorian cardinal`

If you take an etymological approach, I think `AD 1` refers, in effect, to 
"year 1": i.e. it is a reference of a time period, not a point in time. 
Similarly, `1 BC` is "year 1 before".  From that perspective, it is natural 
that there is no `AD 0` or `0 BC`. UTC adopts the convention that `2020-01-01 
00:00:00` refers to the start of AD 2020, but says nothing about negative 
times. 

The question, I think, is not "Is there a year zero in the calendar?" but 
rather "How do we encode a given calendar year in the time stamp?". 

Given that positive `YYYY` in the datestamp is universally understood to refer 
to `AD YYYY`, arguments can be made for interpreting `-YYYY` as either and 
extension backwards treating the years as a sequence of integers, or as `1 BC`. 
This is an encoding choice. For this reason, I would not modify the calendar, 
but instead add an optional qualifier to identify the convention for encoding 
BC years in the timestamp. 

I'm not sure whether there is a good mnemonic term, but I suggest 
`proleptic_gregorian cardinal` to refer to use of cardinals, `-1, 0, 1` rather 
than ordinals, `2nd before`, `1st before`, `1st after`.


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