DM> What I am looking for is reading to check the feasability. I need the
DM> freauencies that everything emits. We all enjoy discussing the design
DM> strategy, but I haven't given out enough info to get much help on that.
DM> Where I need the help is a treatment of what frequencies things emit
DM> (Particularly people and the sun).

Hi Declan,

in optics people rather talk about wavelengths than frequencies,
because micrometers and nanometers are much easier to grasp than
terrahertz. Many have already cited the black-body radiation and I
don't have the time or energy to check the links you already have.
Some values:

-for a human body we talk about wavelengths of 5-10um for the peak of
the emitted thermal radiation, that's in the far infrared

-for the sun we talk about 0.5um, which is in the yellow part of the
spectrum

The problems with far infrared are mainly:
- very few detector materials are able to "see" these wavelengths.
There have recently been progresses with certain semiconductors, such
as InAs, InP, PbTe which can be used in 2D imaging devices (e.g. FLIR
cameras). Silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide are all blind in this
part of the spectrum.
- the refractive index of almost all common materials for lenses is
too low to be useful - this means it is hard to make focusing optics
for this wavelength range. Some materials used are certain plastics
for Fresnel-type lenses, magnesium fluoride and germanium.
- The fact that the thermal radiation of a 37 centigrade body does not
differ too much from a 20 centigrade surrounding makes it necessary to
cool the whole system - otherwise the thermal radiation of the
electronics and optics itself will drown your signal!

Of course if the surrounding on a summer's day is about as warm as the
human body it will be impossible to detect the human body from its
thermal signature! And the 37 centigrade only counts for the uncovered
parts of the body! Even the thinnest layer of clothes is a very
effective heat shield and the surface of clothes can be assumed to
have ambient temperature!

Alternatives to sensitive pn-junctions or PIR detectors are thermopiles
which consist of several to several hundred of small thermocouple
junctions connected in series. Combined with good thermal shielding
and a focusing optical system these appear to give quite a good
signal.

The sun. Well the sun is a bright and hot spot in the sky, about half
an angular degree in diameter. If it happens to be in the direction of
the sensor, the only chances for you to detect a much cooler human
being are:
- the angular size of the human being might be significantly larger
- the signal of a moving (living?) human being does change faster than
the sun - but we are probably talking time constants in the order of a
few seconds for the necessary filters here


A great thermal source is the homepage of Omega. They offer a very
thick "handbook" on temperature measurement technology on their web
page which is an extraordinary resource - even though it is their own
product catalog at the same time....
http://www.omega.com/


      Uwe.


DM> -- 

DM>         With best Regards,


DM>         Declan Moriarty.



-- 
Mit freundlichen Gr�ssen
Uwe Zimmermann
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