Usually 8-bit color depth is refered to 420 pixel formats and 10-bit to
the higher color quality 422 pixel formats,
which sub-sampled keeps respectively 25% and 50% color information,
compared with a full 444 format.
But what about the "opposite" cases, 10-bit 420 and 8-bit 422 pixel formats?
What and when are they used and good for (applications)?
For example frame grabbers like my HDMI->USB3 mini capture card, looks
to support 'YUY2',' a 8-bit 422 pixel format.
And among 8-bit and 10-bit depths, there are 'yuv', 'nv', 'y' and 'p'
prefixed pixel formats as well.
Querying my system ffmpeg, the following list of 8-bit and 10-bit pixel
formats are available:
ffmpeg -hide_banner -pix_fmts | grep -E
'yuv42.*8-8-8|yuv42.*10-10-10|nv.*8-8-8|nv.*10-10-10|210' | sort -r -k 5
-----
Pixel formats:
I.... = Supported Input format for conversion
.O... = Supported Output format for conversion
..H.. = Hardware accelerated format
...P. = Paletted format
....B = Bitstream format
FLAGS NAME NB_COMPONENTS BITS_PER_PIXEL BIT_DEPTHS
-----
IO... yuv422p 3 16 8-8-8
IO... yuv420p 3 12 8-8-8
IO... nv42 3 24 8-8-8
IO... nv24 3 24 8-8-8
IO... nv21 3 12 8-8-8
IO... nv16 3 16 8-8-8
IO... nv12 3 12 8-8-8
..... y210be 3 20 10-10-10
..... nv20le 3 20 10-10-10
..... nv20be 3 20 10-10-10
IO... yuv422p10le 3 20 10-10-10
IO... yuv422p10be 3 20 10-10-10
IO... yuv420p10le 3 15 10-10-10
IO... yuv420p10be 3 15 10-10-10
IO... y210le 3 20 10-10-10
IO... p210le 3 20 10-10-10
IO... p210be 3 20 10-10-10
The ffmpeg h264 encoder supports the following pixel formats (all):
ffmpeg -hide_banner -h encoder=h264 | grep Supported
Supported pixel formats: yuv420p yuvj420p yuv422p yuvj422p
yuv444p yuvj444p nv12 nv16 nv21 yuv420p10le yuv422p10le yuv444p10le
nv20le gray gray10le
Supported pixel formats: bgr0 bgr24 rgb24
Supported pixel formats: yuv420p yuvj420p
Supported pixel formats: nv12 yuv420p
Supported hardware devices: cuda cuda
Supported pixel formats: yuv420p nv12 p010le yuv444p p016le
yuv444p16le bgr0 bgra rgb0 rgba x2rgb10le x2bgr10le gbrp gbrp16le cuda
Supported hardware devices: qsv qsv qsv
Supported pixel formats: nv12 qsv
Supported hardware devices: vaapi
Supported pixel formats: vaapi
I have run some rendering tests using some h264 8-bit and 10-bit pixel
formats as follows:
Cinelerra Infinity - built: Jun 30 2024 08:31:40
Libav version: Lavc61.3.100
Input file:
3,3G cfhd01.mkv
Video: cfhd (CFHD / 0x44484643), yuv422p10le(tv, bt709, top coded
first (swapped)), 1920x1080, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1k
tbn (default)
Rendered to h264 8bit and 10bit pixel formats:
72M h264_8bit_nv12.mp4
** rendered 1780 frames in 46.067 secs, 38.639 fps
Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuvj420p(pc,
smpte170m/unknown/unknown, top first), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9],
8462 kb/s
72M h264_8bit_yuv420p.mp4
** rendered 1780 frames in 48.250 secs, 36.891 fps
Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuvj420p(pc,
smpte170m/unknown/unknown, top first), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9],
8462 kb/s
83M h264_8bit_yuv422p.mp4
** rendered 1780 frames in 41.807 secs, 42.577 fps
Video: h264 (High 4:2:2) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuvj422p(pc,
smpte170m/unknown/unknown, top first), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9],
9683 kb/s
70M h264_10bit_yuv420p10le.mp4
** rendered 1780 frames in 42.414 secs, 41.967 fps
Video: h264 (High 10) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p10le(pc,
smpte170m/unknown/unknown, top first), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9],
8213 kb/s
80M h264_10bit_yuv422p10le.mp4
** rendered 1780 frames in 42.920 secs, 41.473 fps
Video: h264 (High 4:2:2) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv422p10le(pc,
smpte170m/unknown/unknown, top first), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9],
9364 kb/s
References:
Chroma Subsampling in ffmpeg
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Chroma%20Subsampling#SettingChromaSubsamplinginffmpeg
Preferred YUV Formats (Microsoft Windows, Learn)
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/medfound/10-bit-and-16-bit-yuv-video-formats#preferred-yuv-formats
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