kaxil commented on PR #42376:
URL: https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/42376#issuecomment-2448602088

   This sentence is the key there: "**_For queries involving only x, the 
multicolumn index could be used, though it would be larger and hence slower 
than an index on x alone._** "
   
   How much slower? That depends on the dataset and access pattern.
   
   In above, a multi-column index on (x, y) technically covers queries on x 
alone but the additional storage and scanning costs can impact performance, 
especially for high-traffic columns. A single-column index on x is smaller and 
offers a narrower scan range, which often improves I/O and cache usage, making 
a measurable difference in efficiency for large datasets. Again how much 
difference depends on the dataset and query patterns
   


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