tjbanghart commented on code in PR #4658:
URL: https://github.com/apache/calcite/pull/4658#discussion_r2586040693


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core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/enumerable/EnumerableCombineTest.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.calcite.test.enumerable;
+
+import org.apache.calcite.adapter.java.ReflectiveSchema;
+import org.apache.calcite.config.CalciteConnectionProperty;
+import org.apache.calcite.config.Lex;
+import org.apache.calcite.test.CalciteAssert;
+import org.apache.calcite.test.schemata.hr.HrSchema;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link 
org.apache.calcite.adapter.enumerable.EnumerableCombine}.
+ */
+class EnumerableCombineTest {
+
+  /**
+   * Test that executes two simple queries combined.
+   * Query 1: Select employee names from department 10
+   * Query 2: Select department names
+   *
+   * <p>The Combine operator returns results in a structured format where each
+   * query's results are grouped: {@code QUERY_0={...}; QUERY_1={...}}
+   */
+  @Test void testCombineTwoQueries() {
+    tester(new HrSchema())
+        .withRel(
+            builder -> {
+              // Query 1: SELECT name FROM emps WHERE deptno = 10
+              builder.scan("s", "emps")
+                  .filter(
+                      builder.equals(
+                          builder.field("deptno"),
+                          builder.literal(10)))
+                  .project(builder.field("name"));
+
+              // Query 2: SELECT name FROM depts
+              builder.scan("s", "depts")
+                  .project(builder.field("name"));
+
+              // Combine both queries
+              return builder.combine(2).build();
+            })
+        .returnsOrdered(
+            "QUERY=[{name=Bill}, {name=Sebastian}, {name=Theodore}]",
+            "QUERY=[{name=Sales}, {name=Marketing}, {name=HR}]");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that executes two queries with aggregates.
+   * Query 1: Count of employees
+   * Query 2: Average salary of employees
+   */
+  @Test void testCombineWithAggregates() {
+    tester(new HrSchema())
+        .withRel(
+            builder -> {
+              // Query 1: SELECT deptno, COUNT(*) AS emp_count FROM emps GROUP 
BY deptno
+              builder.scan("s", "emps")
+                  .aggregate(builder.groupKey("deptno"),
+                      builder.count().as("emp_count"));
+
+              // Query 2: SELECT AVG(salary) AS avg_salary FROM emps
+              builder.scan("s", "emps")
+                  .aggregate(builder.groupKey(),
+                      builder.avg(builder.field("salary")).as("avg_salary"));
+
+              // Combine both queries
+              return builder.combine(2).build();
+            })
+        .returnsUnordered(
+            "QUERY=[{deptno=20, emp_count=1}, {deptno=10, emp_count=3}]",
+            "QUERY=[{avg_salary=9125.0}]");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that executes two queries with multiple columns each.
+   * Query 1: Select empid and name from employees in department 10
+   * Query 2: Select deptno and name from departments
+   */
+  @Test void testCombineMultipleColumns() {
+    tester(new HrSchema())
+        .withRel(
+            builder -> {
+              // Query 1: SELECT empid, name FROM emps WHERE deptno = 10
+              builder.scan("s", "emps")
+                  .filter(
+                      builder.equals(
+                          builder.field("deptno"),
+                          builder.literal(10)))
+                  .project(
+                      builder.field("empid"),
+                      builder.field("name"));
+
+              // Query 2: SELECT deptno, name FROM depts
+              builder.scan("s", "depts")
+                  .project(
+                      builder.field("deptno"),
+                      builder.field("name"));
+
+              // Combine both queries
+              return builder.combine(2).build();
+            })
+        .returnsUnordered(
+            "QUERY=[{empid=100, name=Bill}, {empid=150, name=Sebastian}, 
{empid=110, name=Theodore}]",
+            "QUERY=[{deptno=10, name=Sales}, {deptno=30, name=Marketing}, 
{deptno=40, name=HR}]");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that executes two queries returning different numbers of columns.
+   * Query 1: Select name (1 column)
+   * Query 2: Select empid, name, deptno (3 columns)
+   */
+  @Test void testCombineDifferentColumnCounts() {
+    tester(new HrSchema())
+        .withRel(
+            builder -> {
+              // Query 1: SELECT name FROM depts (1 column)
+              builder.scan("s", "depts")
+                  .project(builder.field("name"));
+
+              // Query 2: SELECT empid, name, deptno FROM emps WHERE deptno = 
10 (3 columns)
+              builder.scan("s", "emps")
+                  .filter(
+                      builder.equals(
+                          builder.field("deptno"),
+                          builder.literal(10)))
+                  .project(
+                      builder.field("empid"),
+                      builder.field("name"),
+                      builder.field("deptno"));
+
+              // Combine both queries
+              return builder.combine(2).build();
+            })
+        .returnsUnordered(
+            "QUERY=[{name=Sales}, {name=Marketing}, {name=HR}]",
+            "QUERY=[{empid=100, name=Bill, deptno=10}, {empid=150, 
name=Sebastian, deptno=10}, "
+                + "{empid=110, name=Theodore, deptno=10}]");

Review Comment:
   I'll try to get that working - might be a tad difficult since `QUERY` is 
actually the column label. For formatting here we could certainly handle that. 
For ResultSet processing, dynamic column labels might break some JDBC contract.
   
   I apologize for the force push - there is a test that fails when commit 
messages are not in a particular format so I've been `--amend`ing with a force 
push. I'll make new commits for now and then squash after reviews are complete.
   
    



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