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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new a998e2743b [CALCITE-7770] Improve checks on KafkaTableFactory operands
a998e2743b is described below

commit a998e2743b80e6c502af1142326c4add10b4507e
Author: Stamatis Zampetakis <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Tue Aug 18 19:11:19 2026 +0300

    [CALCITE-7770] Improve checks on KafkaTableFactory operands
---
 .../calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactory.java   | 25 +++-----
 .../adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaConsumer.java        | 30 ++++++++++
 .../calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaOperand.java | 28 +++++++++
 .../adapter/kafka/KafkaRowConverterTest.java       |  2 +-
 .../adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactoryTest.java       | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 site/_docs/history.md                              |  4 ++
 6 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactory.java 
b/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactory.java
index f6cbce5353..2d6c3a2a10 100644
--- 
a/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactory.java
+++ 
b/kafka/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactory.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka;
 
+import org.apache.calcite.avatica.AvaticaUtils;
 import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataType;
 import org.apache.calcite.schema.SchemaPlus;
 import org.apache.calcite.schema.TableFactory;
@@ -51,20 +52,7 @@ public KafkaTableFactory() {
     final KafkaRowConverter rowConverter;
     if (operand.containsKey(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_ROW_CONVERTER)) {
       String rowConverterClass = (String) 
operand.get(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_ROW_CONVERTER);
-      try {
-        final Class<?> klass = Class.forName(rowConverterClass);
-        rowConverter = (KafkaRowConverter) 
klass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
-      } catch (InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException
-          | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException
-          | NoSuchMethodException e) {
-        final String details =
-            String.format(Locale.ROOT,
-                "Failed to create table '%s' with configuration:\n"
-                    + "'%s'\n"
-                    + "KafkaRowConverter '%s' is invalid",
-                name, operand, rowConverterClass);
-        throw new RuntimeException(details, e);
-      }
+      rowConverter = AvaticaUtils.instantiatePlugin(KafkaRowConverter.class, 
rowConverterClass);
     } else {
       rowConverter = new KafkaRowConverterImpl();
     }
@@ -77,12 +65,13 @@ public KafkaTableFactory() {
     if (operand.containsKey(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_CUST_CONSUMER)) {
       String custConsumerClass = (String) 
operand.get(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_CUST_CONSUMER);
       try {
+        Class<? extends Consumer> klass =
+            Class.forName(custConsumerClass, false, 
KafkaTableFactory.class.getClassLoader())
+                .asSubclass(Consumer.class);
         tableOptionBuilder.setConsumer(
-            (Consumer) Class.forName(custConsumerClass)
-                .getConstructor(OffsetResetStrategy.class)
-                .newInstance(OffsetResetStrategy.NONE));
+            
klass.getConstructor(OffsetResetStrategy.class).newInstance(OffsetResetStrategy.NONE));
       } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | 
IllegalAccessException
-          | InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException e) {
+          | InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException | 
ClassCastException e) {
         final String details =
             String.format(Locale.ROOT,
                 "Fail to create table '%s' with configuration:\n"
diff --git 
a/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaConsumer.java
 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaConsumer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58612d2ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaConsumer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.OffsetResetStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * An invalid class that always fails if instantiated.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+public final class InvalidKafkaConsumer {
+
+  public InvalidKafkaConsumer(OffsetResetStrategy strategy) {
+    throw new AssertionError("Class must not be instantiated.");
+  }
+}
diff --git 
a/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaOperand.java 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaOperand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42af807984
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/InvalidKafkaOperand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka;
+
+/**
+ * An invalid class that always fail if instantiated.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+public final class InvalidKafkaOperand {
+
+  public InvalidKafkaOperand() {
+    throw new AssertionError("Class must not be instantiated.");
+  }
+}
diff --git 
a/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaRowConverterTest.java
 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaRowConverterTest.java
index ab2ecbfe28..7b9e73caa1 100644
--- 
a/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaRowConverterTest.java
+++ 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaRowConverterTest.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  * Implementation of {@link KafkaRowConverter} for testing. Both key and value
  * are saved as {@code byte[]}.
  */
-class KafkaRowConverterTest implements KafkaRowConverter<String, String> {
+public class KafkaRowConverterTest implements KafkaRowConverter<String, 
String> {
   /**
    * Generates a row schema for a given Kafka topic.
    *
diff --git 
a/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactoryTest.java
 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4511f0208
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/kafka/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/adapter/kafka/KafkaTableFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka;
+
+import org.apache.calcite.jdbc.CalciteSchema;
+import org.apache.calcite.schema.SchemaPlus;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link KafkaTableFactory}.
+ */
+public class KafkaTableFactoryTest {
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7770";>
+   * Improve checks on KafkaTableFactory operands</a>. The test verifies
+   * if specified converter class does not implement the appropriate interface
+   * the method throws the appropriate exception. */
+  @Test void testKafkaTableFactoryCreateInvalidRowConverterThrows() {
+    KafkaTableFactory factory = new KafkaTableFactory();
+    SchemaPlus schema = CalciteSchema.createRootSchema(false).plus();
+    String invalidConverter = 
"org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka.InvalidKafkaOperand";
+    Map<String, Object> operand =
+        Collections.singletonMap(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_ROW_CONVERTER, 
invalidConverter);
+    RuntimeException ex =
+        assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> factory.create(schema, "t", 
operand, null));
+    assertTrue(ex.getMessage()
+        .contains("not valid for plugin type 
org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka.KafkaRowConverter"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7770";>
+   * Improve checks on KafkaTableFactory operands</a>. The test verifies
+   * if specified consumer class does not implement the appropriate interface
+   * the method throws the appropriate exception. */
+  @Test void testKafkaTableFactoryCreateInvalidConsumerThrows() {
+    KafkaTableFactory factory = new KafkaTableFactory();
+    SchemaPlus schema = CalciteSchema.createRootSchema(false).plus();
+    String invalidConsumer = 
"org.apache.calcite.adapter.kafka.InvalidKafkaConsumer";
+    Map<String, Object> operand =
+        Collections.singletonMap(KafkaTableConstants.SCHEMA_CUST_CONSUMER, 
invalidConsumer);
+    RuntimeException ex =
+        assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> factory.create(schema, "t", 
operand, null));
+    assertInstanceOf(ClassCastException.class, ex.getCause());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/site/_docs/history.md b/site/_docs/history.md
index d1e0caae3a..9ba5c7a42a 100644
--- a/site/_docs/history.md
+++ b/site/_docs/history.md
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ #### Breaking Changes
 `ReflectiveSchema.Input` annotation. If the annotation is not present the
 creation will fail with `IllegalArgumentException: class X is not annotated 
@Input`.
 
+* [<a 
href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7770";>CALCITE-7770</a>]
+`KafkaTableFactory` row converter operand now requires the presence of a 
`public`
+constructor for instantiating the class.
+
 * [<a 
href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7713";>CALCITE-7713</a>]
 Class loading from model files has been disabled by default. Any attempt to 
load
 classes from model files will lead to `SecurityException` unless an appropriate

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