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gnodet pushed a commit to branch camel-4.22.x
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/camel.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/camel-4.22.x by this push:
     new c992be1711d7 [backport camel-4.22.x] CAMEL-25781: 
camel-azure-eventhubs - an event that completes when the checkpoint timer of 
its window has run is checkpointed by the next timer (#28207)
c992be1711d7 is described below

commit c992be1711d7723f2586bc08cffca1cc7556eea8
Author: Guillaume Nodet <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Wed Oct 21 18:55:38 2026 +0200

    [backport camel-4.22.x] CAMEL-25781: camel-azure-eventhubs - an event that 
completes when the checkpoint timer of its window has run is checkpointed by 
the next timer (#28207)
    
    * [backport camel-4.22.x] CAMEL-25781: camel-azure-eventhubs - an event 
that completes when the checkpoint timer of its window has run is checkpointed 
by the next timer
    
    * Address review: bring CAMEL-25683 consumer changes to backport
    
    - Change batch-size check from == to >= (a failed timeout checkpoint
      adds its count back, so the count can pass the batch size)
    - Remove cancelled task from checkpointTasksByPartition and
      scheduledTasksByPartition after a checkpoint by batch size
    - Add EventHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest
    - Move upgrade note to a new '4.22.2 to 4.22.3' section
---
 .../eventhubs/EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask.java  |  75 ++++++-
 .../azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumer.java         |  21 +-
 ...ntHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest.java | 229 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../EventHubsConsumerCheckpointWindowTest.java     | 167 +++++++++++++++
 .../ROOT/pages/camel-4x-upgrade-guide-4_22.adoc    |  15 ++
 5 files changed, 494 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask.java
 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask.java
index e8a5355675d3..1de96d0c19ab 100644
--- 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask.java
+++ 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package org.apache.camel.component.azure.eventhubs;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
 import com.azure.messaging.eventhubs.models.EventContext;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -32,23 +34,60 @@ public class EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask implements 
Runnable {
     private volatile EventContext eventContext;
     private final AtomicInteger processedEvents;
     private volatile long scheduledTime;
+    // the lock of the consumer, which counts the events under it
+    private final Lock lock;
+    // set when the task has taken the count of its window, or was cancelled; 
read and written under the lock only
+    private boolean done;
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a task that synchronizes on a private lock of its own, 
unrelated to any consumer: for standalone or test
+     * use. {@link EventHubsConsumer} uses {@link 
#EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask(EventContext, AtomicInteger, Lock)}
+     * with its own lock, which it holds while it counts the events; with a 
private lock an event could be counted in a
+     * window whose timer has already taken the count.
+     *
+     * @param eventContext    the event context to checkpoint
+     * @param processedEvents the count of the events processed since the last 
checkpoint
+     */
     public EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask(EventContext eventContext, 
AtomicInteger processedEvents) {
+        this(eventContext, processedEvents, new ReentrantLock());
+    }
+
+    public EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask(EventContext eventContext, 
AtomicInteger processedEvents, Lock lock) {
         this.eventContext = eventContext;
         this.processedEvents = processedEvents;
+        this.lock = lock;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
-        if (processedEvents.get() > 0) {
-            LOG.debug("checkpointing offset after reaching timeout, with a 
batch of {}", processedEvents.get());
-            eventContext.updateCheckpointAsync()
+        // take the count when the checkpoint is started: an event that 
completes while it is being stored is counted
+        // for the next window from 0, and a checkpoint by batch size in the 
meantime cannot be confused with this one.
+        // This is done under the lock of the consumer, so an event is either 
counted (and its context set) before, and
+        // checkpointed here, or after, and then it sees that this task is 
done and starts a new window.
+        final int processed;
+        final EventContext context;
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (done) {
+                LOG.debug("skip checkpointing offset: the window was already 
checkpointed by batch size");
+                return;
+            }
+            done = true;
+            processed = processedEvents.getAndSet(0);
+            context = eventContext;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+        if (processed > 0) {
+            LOG.debug("checkpointing offset after reaching timeout, with a 
batch of {}", processed);
+            context.updateCheckpointAsync()
                     .subscribe(unused -> LOG.debug("Processed one event..."),
-                            error -> LOG.warn("Error when updating Checkpoint: 
{}", error.getMessage(), error),
-                            () -> {
-                                LOG.debug("Checkpoint updated.");
-                                processedEvents.set(0);
-                            });
+                            error -> {
+                                LOG.warn("Error when updating Checkpoint: {}", 
error.getMessage(), error);
+                                // these events are not checkpointed: count 
them again for the next checkpoint
+                                processedEvents.addAndGet(processed);
+                            },
+                            () -> LOG.debug("Checkpoint updated."));
         } else {
             LOG.debug("skip checkpointing offset even if timeout is reached. 
No events processed");
         }
@@ -66,6 +105,26 @@ public class EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask implements 
Runnable {
         return scheduledTime;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Whether this task has taken the count of its window (or was cancelled), 
so a new event must start a new window.
+     * Called under the lock of the consumer.
+     */
+    public boolean isDone() {
+        return done;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancels the task under the lock of the consumer: if it is already 
running, it takes nothing.
+     */
+    public void cancel() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            done = true;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
     public boolean isExpired() {
         return System.currentTimeMillis() > scheduledTime;
     }
diff --git 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumer.java
 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumer.java
index 7f0ca1bf3259..eddf97f3a7b2 100644
--- 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumer.java
+++ 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumer.java
@@ -220,9 +220,10 @@ public class EventHubsConsumer extends DefaultConsumer 
implements ShutdownAware
     /**
      * Strategy to commit the offset after message being processed 
successfully.
      *
-     * @param exchange the exchange
+     * @param exchange     the exchange
+     * @param eventContext the event context of the event, used to update the 
checkpoint
      */
-    private void processCommit(final Exchange exchange, final EventContext 
eventContext) {
+    void processCommit(final Exchange exchange, final EventContext 
eventContext) {
         lock.lock();
         try {
             final String partitionId = 
eventContext.getPartitionContext().getPartitionId();
@@ -231,8 +232,11 @@ public class EventHubsConsumer extends DefaultConsumer 
implements ShutdownAware
             EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask checkpointTask = 
checkpointTasksByPartition.get(partitionId);
             ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledTask = 
scheduledTasksByPartition.get(partitionId);
 
-            if (checkpointTask == null || checkpointTask.isExpired()) {
-                checkpointTask = new 
EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask(eventContext, processedEvents);
+            // a new window starts when the timer of the current one has run, 
not when the wall clock passed its time: the
+            // timer can run in the millisecond of its scheduled time, or 
later, and the event must be counted in the
+            // window whose timer has not taken the count yet
+            if (checkpointTask == null || checkpointTask.isDone()) {
+                checkpointTask = new 
EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask(eventContext, processedEvents, lock);
                 // delegate the checkpoint update to a dedicated Thread
                 long timeout = getConfiguration().getCheckpointBatchTimeout();
                 checkpointTask.setScheduledTime(System.currentTimeMillis() + 
timeout);
@@ -246,13 +250,20 @@ public class EventHubsConsumer extends DefaultConsumer 
implements ShutdownAware
 
             try {
                 var cnt = processedEvents.incrementAndGet();
-                if (cnt == getConfiguration().getCheckpointBatchSize()) {
+                // >= and not ==: a failed timeout checkpoint adds its count 
back, so the count can pass the batch size
+                if (cnt >= getConfiguration().getCheckpointBatchSize()) {
                     processedEvents.set(0);
                     
exchange.getIn().setHeader(EventHubsConstants.CHECKPOINT_UPDATED_BY, 
COMPLETED_BY_SIZE);
                     LOG.debug("eventhub consumer batch size of reached for 
partition {}", partitionId);
+                    // a timer that has already started takes nothing (it 
waits for the lock)
+                    checkpointTask.cancel();
                     if (scheduledTask != null) {
                         scheduledTask.cancel(false);
                     }
+                    // the next event starts a new timeout window: the 
cancelled task must not be reused until its
+                    // scheduled time, else the events of the rest of that 
window are not checkpointed by the timeout
+                    checkpointTasksByPartition.remove(partitionId);
+                    scheduledTasksByPartition.remove(partitionId);
                     eventContext.updateCheckpointAsync()
                             .subscribe(unused -> LOG.debug("Processed one 
event..."),
                                     error -> LOG.warn("Error when updating 
Checkpoint: {}", error.getMessage(), error),
diff --git 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest.java
 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19a22d70484b
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.camel.component.azure.eventhubs;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import com.azure.messaging.eventhubs.models.EventContext;
+import com.azure.messaging.eventhubs.models.PartitionContext;
+import org.apache.camel.AsyncProcessor;
+import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
+import org.apache.camel.Endpoint;
+import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
+import org.apache.camel.ExtendedCamelContext;
+import org.apache.camel.spi.ExchangeFactory;
+import org.apache.camel.support.DefaultExchange;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Sinks;
+
+import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * The events completed after a checkpoint by batch size must be checkpointed 
by the batch timeout, also when no further
+ * event arrives (end of a burst). Uses a real scheduler with a short batch 
timeout.
+ */
+class EventHubsConsumerCheckpointAfterBatchSizeTest {
+
+    private final EventHubsEndpoint endpoint = mock();
+    private final EventHubsConfiguration configuration = new 
EventHubsConfiguration();
+    private final AsyncProcessor processor = mock();
+    private final CamelContext context = mock();
+    private final ExtendedCamelContext ecc = mock();
+    private final ExchangeFactory exchangeFactory = mock();
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = 
Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
+
+    private EventHubsConsumer consumer;
+    private Method processCommit;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(2);
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchTimeout(1000);
+
+        when(endpoint.getCamelContext()).thenReturn(context);
+        when(context.getCamelContextExtension()).thenReturn(ecc);
+        when(ecc.getExchangeFactory()).thenReturn(exchangeFactory);
+        
when(exchangeFactory.newExchangeFactory(any())).thenReturn(exchangeFactory);
+        when(exchangeFactory.create(any(Endpoint.class), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenAnswer(invocation -> 
DefaultExchange.newFromEndpoint(invocation.getArgument(0)));
+        when(endpoint.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(configuration);
+        consumer = new EventHubsConsumer(endpoint, processor);
+
+        var field = 
EventHubsConsumer.class.getDeclaredField("scheduledExecutorService");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        field.set(consumer, scheduler);
+
+        processCommit = 
EventHubsConsumer.class.getDeclaredMethod("processCommit", Exchange.class, 
EventContext.class);
+        processCommit.setAccessible(true);
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        scheduler.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void eventAfterBatchSizeCheckpointIsCheckpointedByTimeout() throws 
Exception {
+        EventContext first = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext second = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext third = eventContext("0");
+
+        complete(first);
+        complete(second);
+        // the batch size is reached: checkpoint at the second event
+        verify(second, times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync();
+
+        // the last event of the burst: no other event follows
+        complete(third);
+
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .untilAsserted(() -> verify(third, 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void eventsAfterSecondBatchSizeCheckpointAreCheckpointedByTimeout() throws 
Exception {
+        EventContext[] events = new EventContext[5];
+        for (int i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
+            events[i] = eventContext("0");
+            complete(events[i]);
+        }
+        // checkpoints by batch size at the second and the fourth event
+        verify(events[1], times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        verify(events[3], times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync();
+
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .untilAsserted(() -> verify(events[4], 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 
eventCompletedWhileTheTimeoutCheckpointIsStoredIsCheckpointedByTheNextTimeout() 
throws Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(10);
+        // the checkpoint of the first window is stored only when the test 
says so
+        Sinks.Empty<Void> stored = Sinks.empty();
+        AtomicLong checkpointedAt = new AtomicLong();
+        EventContext first = eventContext("0");
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            checkpointedAt.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            return stored.asMono();
+        }).when(first).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        EventContext second = eventContext("0");
+
+        complete(first);
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).untilAsserted(() -> verify(first, 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+        // the window of the first task is over, so the next event starts a 
new task
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(() -> 
System.currentTimeMillis() > checkpointedAt.get());
+
+        // an event completes while the checkpoint of the first window is 
being stored
+        complete(second);
+        stored.tryEmitEmpty();
+
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .untilAsserted(() -> verify(second, 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void eventAfterBatchSizeCheckpointDuringTimeoutCheckpointIsCheckpointed() 
throws Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(3);
+        // the checkpoint of the first window is stored only when the test 
says so
+        Sinks.Empty<Void> stored = Sinks.empty();
+        AtomicLong checkpointedAt = new AtomicLong();
+        EventContext first = eventContext("0");
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            checkpointedAt.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            return stored.asMono();
+        }).when(first).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        EventContext second = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext third = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext fourth = eventContext("0");
+
+        complete(first);
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).untilAsserted(() -> verify(first, 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(() -> 
System.currentTimeMillis() > checkpointedAt.get());
+
+        // while the timeout checkpoint of the first event is stored, more 
events complete, and the count climbs back
+        // to the value that checkpoint started with
+        complete(second);
+        complete(third);
+        complete(fourth);
+        stored.tryEmitEmpty();
+
+        // the last event of the burst must still be checkpointed, by batch 
size or by the next timeout
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .untilAsserted(() -> verify(fourth, 
times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void batchSizeCheckpointStillWorksAfterFailedTimeoutCheckpoint() throws 
Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(3);
+        // the checkpoint of the first window fails only when the test says so
+        Sinks.Empty<Void> stored = Sinks.empty();
+        AtomicLong checkpointedAt = new AtomicLong();
+        EventContext first = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext second = eventContext("0");
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            checkpointedAt.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            return stored.asMono();
+        }).when(second).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        EventContext third = eventContext("0");
+        EventContext fourth = eventContext("0");
+
+        complete(first);
+        complete(second);
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).untilAsserted(() -> 
verify(second, times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync());
+        await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(() -> 
System.currentTimeMillis() > checkpointedAt.get());
+
+        // one event completes while the timeout checkpoint of two events is 
stored, then storing fails: the two
+        // events are counted again, so the count is 3, and the next event 
takes it past the batch size
+        complete(third);
+        stored.tryEmitError(new IllegalStateException("store failed"));
+
+        Exchange exchange = DefaultExchange.newFromEndpoint(endpoint);
+        processCommit.invoke(consumer, exchange, fourth);
+
+        verify(fourth, times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        assertEquals(EventHubsConstants.COMPLETED_BY_SIZE,
+                
exchange.getIn().getHeader(EventHubsConstants.CHECKPOINT_UPDATED_BY));
+    }
+
+    private void complete(EventContext eventContext) throws Exception {
+        processCommit.invoke(consumer, 
DefaultExchange.newFromEndpoint(endpoint), eventContext);
+    }
+
+    private static EventContext eventContext(String partitionId) {
+        EventContext eventContext = mock(EventContext.class);
+        PartitionContext partitionContext = mock(PartitionContext.class);
+        when(partitionContext.getPartitionId()).thenReturn(partitionId);
+        when(eventContext.getPartitionContext()).thenReturn(partitionContext);
+        when(eventContext.updateCheckpointAsync()).thenReturn(Mono.empty());
+        return eventContext;
+    }
+}
diff --git 
a/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointWindowTest.java
 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointWindowTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3fc1b5525fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/components/camel-azure/camel-azure-eventhubs/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/azure/eventhubs/EventHubsConsumerCheckpointWindowTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.camel.component.azure.eventhubs;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import com.azure.messaging.eventhubs.models.EventContext;
+import com.azure.messaging.eventhubs.models.PartitionContext;
+import org.apache.camel.AsyncProcessor;
+import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
+import org.apache.camel.Endpoint;
+import org.apache.camel.ExtendedCamelContext;
+import org.apache.camel.spi.ExchangeFactory;
+import org.apache.camel.support.DefaultExchange;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * The timer of a checkpoint window and the events of the partition: every 
completed event must be checkpointed by a
+ * timer that runs after it was counted, whenever the timer runs relative to 
the wall clock and to the batch size.
+ */
+class EventHubsConsumerCheckpointWindowTest {
+
+    private final EventHubsEndpoint endpoint = mock();
+    private final EventHubsConfiguration configuration = new 
EventHubsConfiguration();
+    private final AsyncProcessor processor = mock();
+    private final CamelContext context = mock();
+    private final ExtendedCamelContext ecc = mock();
+    private final ExchangeFactory exchangeFactory = mock();
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = mock();
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    private final ScheduledFuture scheduledFuture = 
mock(ScheduledFuture.class);
+
+    private EventHubsConsumer consumer;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(500);
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchTimeout(60_000);
+
+        when(endpoint.getCamelContext()).thenReturn(context);
+        when(context.getCamelContextExtension()).thenReturn(ecc);
+        when(ecc.getExchangeFactory()).thenReturn(exchangeFactory);
+        
when(exchangeFactory.newExchangeFactory(any())).thenReturn(exchangeFactory);
+        when(exchangeFactory.create(any(Endpoint.class), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenAnswer(invocation -> 
DefaultExchange.newFromEndpoint(invocation.getArgument(0)));
+        when(endpoint.getConfiguration()).thenReturn(configuration);
+        consumer = new EventHubsConsumer(endpoint, processor);
+
+        var field = 
EventHubsConsumer.class.getDeclaredField("scheduledExecutorService");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        field.set(consumer, scheduledExecutorService);
+        when(scheduledExecutorService.schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), 
any(TimeUnit.class)))
+                .thenReturn(scheduledFuture);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void eventCompletedAfterTheTimerRanBeforeItsScheduledTimeIsCheckpointed() 
throws Exception {
+        EventContext first = eventContext();
+        EventContext second = eventContext();
+
+        complete(first);
+        // the timer runs while the wall clock has not passed its scheduled 
time yet (the same millisecond)
+        scheduledTasks().get(0).run();
+        verify(first).updateCheckpointAsync();
+
+        complete(second);
+        runTasksFrom(1);
+
+        verify(second).updateCheckpointAsync();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void eventCompletedAfterTheScheduledTimeBeforeTheTimerRanIsCheckpointed() 
throws Exception {
+        EventContext first = eventContext();
+        EventContext second = eventContext();
+
+        complete(first);
+        // the wall clock has passed the scheduled time, the timer has not run 
yet (late by a GC pause, a busy thread)
+        EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask firstTimer = 
(EventHubsCheckpointUpdaterTask) scheduledTasks().get(0);
+        firstTimer.setScheduledTime(System.currentTimeMillis() - 1);
+
+        complete(second);
+        runTasksFrom(0);
+
+        verify(second).updateCheckpointAsync();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void timerStartedBeforeABatchSizeCheckpointDoesNotTakeTheNextWindow() 
throws Exception {
+        configuration.setCheckpointBatchSize(2);
+        EventContext first = eventContext();
+        EventContext second = eventContext();
+        EventContext third = eventContext();
+
+        complete(first);
+        complete(second); // batch size reached: checkpoint, the timer of the 
window is cancelled
+        verify(second).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        complete(third); // starts a new window
+
+        // the timer of the first window had already started, so the cancel 
did not stop it
+        runTasksFrom(0);
+
+        // the cancelled timer of the first window takes nothing: its event 
context is second (set when second was
+        // counted), which was checkpointed once by batch size and not again; 
first was never checkpointed by itself
+        verify(first, never()).updateCheckpointAsync();
+        verify(second, times(1)).updateCheckpointAsync();
+
+        verify(third).updateCheckpointAsync();
+    }
+
+    private void complete(EventContext eventContext) throws Exception {
+        consumer.processCommit(DefaultExchange.newFromEndpoint(endpoint), 
eventContext);
+    }
+
+    private List<Runnable> scheduledTasks() {
+        ArgumentCaptor<Runnable> tasks = 
ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Runnable.class);
+        verify(scheduledExecutorService, atLeastOnce())
+                .schedule(tasks.capture(), anyLong(), any(TimeUnit.class));
+        return tasks.getAllValues();
+    }
+
+    private void runTasksFrom(int index) {
+        List<Runnable> tasks = scheduledTasks();
+        for (int i = index; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
+            tasks.get(i).run();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static EventContext eventContext() {
+        EventContext eventContext = mock(EventContext.class);
+        PartitionContext partitionContext = mock(PartitionContext.class);
+        when(partitionContext.getPartitionId()).thenReturn("0");
+        when(eventContext.getPartitionContext()).thenReturn(partitionContext);
+        when(eventContext.updateCheckpointAsync()).thenReturn(Mono.empty());
+        return eventContext;
+    }
+}
diff --git 
a/docs/user-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/camel-4x-upgrade-guide-4_22.adoc 
b/docs/user-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/camel-4x-upgrade-guide-4_22.adoc
index e4e4834f1758..cd996a55a4fe 100644
--- a/docs/user-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/camel-4x-upgrade-guide-4_22.adoc
+++ b/docs/user-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/camel-4x-upgrade-guide-4_22.adoc
@@ -11,6 +11,21 @@ Note that manual migration is still required.
 See the xref:camel-upgrade-recipes-tool.adoc[documentation] page for details.
 ====
 
+== Upgrading from 4.22.2 to 4.22.3
+
+=== camel-azure-eventhubs - an event that completes when the checkpoint timer 
of its window has run is checkpointed
+
+With `checkpointBatchTimeout`, the consumer now starts a new checkpoint window 
when the timer of the current window
+has run, and no longer when the wall clock passes the time the timer was 
scheduled for. Before, an event that
+completed in the millisecond in which the timer ran (or while the timer was 
taking the count) was counted in the
+window whose count had already been taken: it was checkpointed only with the 
next event, and when the partition stayed
+quiet it was delivered again after a restart.
+
+The `CamelAzureEventHubsCheckpointUpdatedBy` header can now be `timeout`. An 
event that completes after the
+scheduled time of its window, but before the (late) timer has run, joins that 
window and gets `timeout`; its offset is
+checkpointed by that timer. Before, such an event always started a new window, 
so `timeout` was practically never
+set. Routes that read this header can now see `timeout` as well as `size`.
+
 == Upgrading from 4.22.1 to 4.22.2
 
 === camel-management - Route group exchange counters count once per entry into 
the group again

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