malinjawi commented on code in PR #13165:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gluten/pull/13165#discussion_r4306296355


##########
cpp/velox/compute/WholeStageResultIterator.cc:
##########
@@ -693,6 +704,15 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> 
WholeStageResultIterator::getQueryC
     setIfExists(kOpTraceDirectoryCreateConfig, 
velox::core::QueryConfig::kOpTraceDirectoryCreateConfig);
 
     overwriteVeloxConf(veloxCfg_.get(), configs, kDynamicBackendConfPrefix);
+
+    // Only a plan that calls a Delta counter needs project and filter 
operators to export their
+    // per-expression processed-row counts (see IncrementMetricFunction.h). 
Velox counts the rows
+    // regardless; this only attaches them to the operator stats. Set after 
the user overrides: a
+    // query that disabled the stats would report zero modified rows and could 
suppress valid
+    // change-data-feed rows.
+    if (trackExpressionStats_) {
+      configs[velox::core::QueryConfig::kOperatorTrackExpressionStats] = 
"true";

Review Comment:
   Confirmed, thanks. `ExprSetSimplified` reaches the counter through 
`evalSimplifiedImpl` → `invokeApplyWithListeners`, which skips the 
`numProcessedRows` update in `applyFunction`. So a counter at an alias root 
(the single-clause insert-only MERGE's `numTargetRowsInserted`, and 
`numSourceRows`) read 0. Counters inside `CASE WHEN` still counted, because 
`SwitchExpr` evaluates its branches with the regular `eval`.
   
   Fixed in 1b486cca6. For a plan that calls a counter, 
`setIncrementMetricQueryConfigs` now forces `expression.eval_simplified=false` 
together with `operator_track_expression_stats=true`, after the user overrides. 
I chose this over a JVM fallback for two reasons: every 
`spark.gluten.sql.columnar.backend.velox.*` override goes through 
`overwriteVeloxConf`, and the MERGE write projection stays native.
   
   Tests:
   - The `DeltaSuite` regression you described: insert-only MERGE with CDF on, 
run with `eval_simplified` false and true. It asserts the table rows, 
`numTargetRowsInserted`, `table_changes(t, v, v)`, and that the counter 
projection is a `DeltaProjectExecTransformer`. Delta 4.1 counts these inserts 
with a filter instead, so the plan check is skipped there.
   - A C++ Task test that runs a root counter under `eval_simplified=true` and 
`operator_track_expression_stats=false`, and checks the exported count.
   



##########
gluten-delta/src/main/scala/org/apache/gluten/extension/IncrementMetricOffload.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.gluten.extension
+
+import org.apache.gluten.backendsapi.BackendsApiManager
+import 
org.apache.gluten.extension.DeltaPostTransformRules.containsIncrementMetricExpr
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Alias, And, Expression, 
Literal, NamedExpression, Or}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.BooleanType
+
+/**
+ * Decides whether a project or filter carrying Delta's `IncrementMetric` may 
be offloaded.
+ *
+ * `IncrementMetric` adds one to a SQL metric every time it is evaluated and 
returns its child. The
+ * native side never evaluates it: the Delta project and filter transformers 
strip it from the plan
+ * and the metrics updaters credit the metric with the operator's output row 
count once the task
+ * finishes. That is exact only when Spark would have evaluated the expression 
once per output row:
+ * at the root of a projection alias, or as a filter condition that keeps 
every row. An
+ * `IncrementMetric` below a conditional expression, which is where MERGE 
keeps the counter of every
+ * `WHEN` clause (`CASE WHEN clause THEN increment ... ELSE 
increment(copied)`), fires for the rows
+ * that take its branch only. Offloading it inflated those counters to the 
full row count, which
+ * corrupted the operation metrics of every MERGE commit and, through
+ * `CDCReader.shouldSkipFileActionsInCommit`, produced phantom 
change-data-feed rows for no-op
+ * merges (GLUTEN-9003).
+ *
+ * A backend that counts natively
+ * 
([[org.apache.gluten.backendsapi.BackendSettingsApi.supportNativeIncrementMetric]])
 evaluates
+ * each counter as a pass-through function named after its metric and reports 
how many rows that
+ * function processed, which is the exact evaluation count: inside a `CASE 
WHEN` branch only the
+ * rows that took the branch reach it. Counters inside `AND` or `OR` still 
stay on Spark: native
+ * evaluation may reorder the operands and change how many rows reach a 
counter. Other backends keep
+ * all conditional shapes on Spark.
+ */
+object IncrementMetricOffload {
+
+  /** Delta's `IncrementMetric`, matched by name so the shared module needs no 
Delta class. */
+  private[gluten] def isIncrementMetric(expr: Expression): Boolean = {
+    expr.prettyName == "increment_metric" && expr.children.size == 1
+  }
+
+  /** Removes a stack of `IncrementMetric` wrappers and returns the expression 
they wrapped. */
+  private[gluten] def peelIncrementMetrics(expr: Expression): Expression = {
+    if (isIncrementMetric(expr)) peelIncrementMetrics(expr.children.head) else 
expr
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the backend can count an expression's evaluations natively. */
+  def nativeCounting: Boolean = 
BackendsApiManager.getSettings.supportNativeIncrementMetric()
+
+  /**
+   * Native counters can be offloaded unless an enclosing `AND` or `OR` may 
reorder their
+   * evaluation. Without native counting, every `IncrementMetric` must sit at 
the root of its alias
+   * (a stack of them counts as the root), so crediting it with the output row 
count is exact.
+   */
+  def canOffloadProject(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression], nativeCounting: 
Boolean): Boolean = {
+    if (nativeCounting) {
+      !projectList.exists(_.exists {
+        case and: And => containsIncrementMetricExpr(and)
+        case or: Or => containsIncrementMetricExpr(or)
+        case _ => false

Review Comment:
   Confirmed. With `c = [1, null, 3, null]`, Spark counts 4 and Velox counts 2. 
`add` is marked null-propagating, so `evalWithNulls` drops the null rows before 
either argument runs.
   
   Nullability alone is not the right test, though. `Add(c, counter)` agrees on 
both engines, because Spark also skips the right operand. And `Divide(counter, 
d)` disagrees on a zero divisor with no nulls involved. So in 7f5c7a3a0 the 
AND/OR denylist became an allowlist of the parents Delta 3.3/4.0 DML actually 
places above a counter: `Alias`, `IncrementMetric`, `IF`/`CASE WHEN` values 
(not conditions), `named_struct`, `array` and `NOT`. Any other parent keeps the 
projection on Spark. `IncrementMetricOffloadSuite` covers your shape, the 
same-column variant, `divide`, `coalesce` and counters in conditions, plus 
positive cases for each Delta DML shape.
   



##########
gluten-delta/src-delta33/main/scala/org/apache/gluten/execution/DeltaProjectExecTransformer.scala:
##########
@@ -76,17 +89,83 @@ case class DeltaProjectExecTransformer(projectList: 
Seq[NamedExpression], child:
 
   override protected def withNewChildInternal(newChild: SparkPlan): 
DeltaProjectExecTransformer =
     copy(child = newChild)
+}
+
+object DeltaProjectExecTransformer {
 
-  def genNewProjectList(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression]): 
Seq[NamedExpression] = {
-    projectList.map {
+  /**
+   * Rewrites the project list for the backend and returns it together with 
the metrics it carries,
+   * keyed the way the metrics updater credits them.
+   *
+   * With `nativeCounting`, every [[IncrementMetric]] becomes an 
[[IncrementMetricCall]] on one of
+   * the backend's counter slots, one slot per distinct metric of the 
projection, so the backend
+   * counts the rows it is evaluated on wherever it sits. A projection with 
more distinct metrics
+   * than slots falls back. Counters inside `AND` or `OR` also fall back 
because native operand
+   * reordering can change their evaluation count.
+   *
+   * Without it, only the stack of [[IncrementMetric]] at the root of an alias 
is removed and
+   * credited with the output row count. An [[IncrementMetric]] anywhere else 
is evaluated only for
+   * some rows on Spark, so it cannot be represented by the output row count;
+   * [[org.apache.gluten.extension.OffloadDeltaProject]] keeps such projects 
on Spark, and this
+   * method refuses them so validation falls back if one slips through.
+   */
+  private[gluten] def stripIncrementMetrics(
+      projectList: Seq[NamedExpression],
+      nativeCounting: Boolean): (Seq[NamedExpression], Seq[(String, 
SQLMetric)]) = {
+    if (nativeCounting) {
+      if (!IncrementMetricOffload.canOffloadProject(projectList, 
nativeCounting = true)) {
+        throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.nativeConjunctionProjectReason)
+      }
+      return rewriteToNativeCounters(projectList)
+    }
+    val metrics = mutable.ArrayBuffer.empty[(String, SQLMetric)]
+    val stripped = projectList.map {
       case alias: Alias =>
-        val newChild = alias.child.transformUp {
-          case im @ IncrementMetric(child, metric) =>
-            extraMetrics :+= (im.prettyName, metric)
-            child
+        var expr: Expression = alias.child
+        while (expr.isInstanceOf[IncrementMetric]) {
+          val increment = expr.asInstanceOf[IncrementMetric]
+          metrics += ((increment.prettyName, increment.metric))
+          expr = increment.child
+        }
+        if (containsIncrementMetricExpr(expr)) {
+          throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.conditionalProjectReason)
+        }
+        if (expr eq alias.child) alias else 
alias.withNewChildren(Seq(expr)).asInstanceOf[Alias]
+      case other =>
+        if (containsIncrementMetricExpr(other)) {
+          throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.conditionalProjectReason)
         }
-        Alias(child = newChild, name = alias.name)(alias.exprId)
+        other
+    }
+    (stripped, metrics.toSeq)
+  }
+
+  private def rewriteToNativeCounters(
+      projectList: Seq[NamedExpression]): (Seq[NamedExpression], Seq[(String, 
SQLMetric)]) = {
+    // One slot per distinct metric, in order of first appearance. SQLMetric 
has identity equality,
+    // so the same metric reached from several places shares its slot and the 
backend sums the rows
+    // of every call to it, which is how Spark increments it too.
+    val slots = mutable.LinkedHashMap.empty[SQLMetric, String]
+    def toCall(expr: Expression): Expression = expr.transformUp {
+      case increment: IncrementMetric =>
+        val functionName = slots.getOrElseUpdate(
+          increment.metric, {
+            if (slots.size >= IncrementMetricCall.maxCounters) {
+              throw new GlutenNotSupportException(
+                s"More than ${IncrementMetricCall.maxCounters} distinct 
metrics in one projection " +
+                  "cannot be counted natively")
+            }
+            IncrementMetricCall.functionName(slots.size)
+          }
+        )
+        IncrementMetricCall(increment.child, functionName)

Review Comment:
   Confirmed. `LambdaExpr` gives `SpecialForm` an empty `inputs()` and keeps 
the body in `body_`, so `ExprSet::stats` never reaches the counter.
   
   The allowlist in 7f5c7a3a0 covers this too: a lambda is not an accepted 
parent, so a counter inside a `transform` or `filter` body falls back. The 
check is shared, so it applies to both Delta 3.3 and 4.0. There are tests for 
`transform` and `filter`, plus one for a lambda below a counter, which stays 
offloadable because only ancestors are restricted.
   



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