malinjawi commented on code in PR #13165:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gluten/pull/13165#discussion_r4306296355


##########
cpp/velox/compute/WholeStageResultIterator.cc:
##########
@@ -693,6 +704,15 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> 
WholeStageResultIterator::getQueryC
     setIfExists(kOpTraceDirectoryCreateConfig, 
velox::core::QueryConfig::kOpTraceDirectoryCreateConfig);
 
     overwriteVeloxConf(veloxCfg_.get(), configs, kDynamicBackendConfPrefix);
+
+    // Only a plan that calls a Delta counter needs project and filter 
operators to export their
+    // per-expression processed-row counts (see IncrementMetricFunction.h). 
Velox counts the rows
+    // regardless; this only attaches them to the operator stats. Set after 
the user overrides: a
+    // query that disabled the stats would report zero modified rows and could 
suppress valid
+    // change-data-feed rows.
+    if (trackExpressionStats_) {
+      configs[velox::core::QueryConfig::kOperatorTrackExpressionStats] = 
"true";

Review Comment:
   Good catch, confirmed. Simplified evaluation skips the numProcessedRows 
update, so a counter at the alias root reported 0, which covers the insert-only 
MERGE case.
   
   Fixed in 1b486cca6: when a plan has a counter, we now force 
eval_simplified=false after user overrides. I also added the regression you 
described: an insert-only MERGE with CDF, run with eval_simplified off and on, 
checking rows, numTargetRowsInserted, table_changes, and that the projection 
runs natively. That last check is skipped on Delta 4.1, which counts these 
inserts with a filter.
   



##########
gluten-delta/src/main/scala/org/apache/gluten/extension/IncrementMetricOffload.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.gluten.extension
+
+import org.apache.gluten.backendsapi.BackendsApiManager
+import 
org.apache.gluten.extension.DeltaPostTransformRules.containsIncrementMetricExpr
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Alias, And, Expression, 
Literal, NamedExpression, Or}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.BooleanType
+
+/**
+ * Decides whether a project or filter carrying Delta's `IncrementMetric` may 
be offloaded.
+ *
+ * `IncrementMetric` adds one to a SQL metric every time it is evaluated and 
returns its child. The
+ * native side never evaluates it: the Delta project and filter transformers 
strip it from the plan
+ * and the metrics updaters credit the metric with the operator's output row 
count once the task
+ * finishes. That is exact only when Spark would have evaluated the expression 
once per output row:
+ * at the root of a projection alias, or as a filter condition that keeps 
every row. An
+ * `IncrementMetric` below a conditional expression, which is where MERGE 
keeps the counter of every
+ * `WHEN` clause (`CASE WHEN clause THEN increment ... ELSE 
increment(copied)`), fires for the rows
+ * that take its branch only. Offloading it inflated those counters to the 
full row count, which
+ * corrupted the operation metrics of every MERGE commit and, through
+ * `CDCReader.shouldSkipFileActionsInCommit`, produced phantom 
change-data-feed rows for no-op
+ * merges (GLUTEN-9003).
+ *
+ * A backend that counts natively
+ * 
([[org.apache.gluten.backendsapi.BackendSettingsApi.supportNativeIncrementMetric]])
 evaluates
+ * each counter as a pass-through function named after its metric and reports 
how many rows that
+ * function processed, which is the exact evaluation count: inside a `CASE 
WHEN` branch only the
+ * rows that took the branch reach it. Counters inside `AND` or `OR` still 
stay on Spark: native
+ * evaluation may reorder the operands and change how many rows reach a 
counter. Other backends keep
+ * all conditional shapes on Spark.
+ */
+object IncrementMetricOffload {
+
+  /** Delta's `IncrementMetric`, matched by name so the shared module needs no 
Delta class. */
+  private[gluten] def isIncrementMetric(expr: Expression): Boolean = {
+    expr.prettyName == "increment_metric" && expr.children.size == 1
+  }
+
+  /** Removes a stack of `IncrementMetric` wrappers and returns the expression 
they wrapped. */
+  private[gluten] def peelIncrementMetrics(expr: Expression): Expression = {
+    if (isIncrementMetric(expr)) peelIncrementMetrics(expr.children.head) else 
expr
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the backend can count an expression's evaluations natively. */
+  def nativeCounting: Boolean = 
BackendsApiManager.getSettings.supportNativeIncrementMetric()
+
+  /**
+   * Native counters can be offloaded unless an enclosing `AND` or `OR` may 
reorder their
+   * evaluation. Without native counting, every `IncrementMetric` must sit at 
the root of its alias
+   * (a stack of them counts as the root), so crediting it with the output row 
count is exact.
+   */
+  def canOffloadProject(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression], nativeCounting: 
Boolean): Boolean = {
+    if (nativeCounting) {
+      !projectList.exists(_.exists {
+        case and: And => containsIncrementMetricExpr(and)
+        case or: Or => containsIncrementMetricExpr(or)
+        case _ => false

Review Comment:
   Confirmed, Add(counter, nullableCol) undercounts in Velox. Nullability alone 
isn't quite the right check, though: Divide can diverge with no nulls at all, 
since Spark skips the dividend when the divisor is zero.
   
   So in 7f5c7a3a0 I replaced the AND/OR check with an allowlist of the parents 
Delta DML actually generates: Alias, IncrementMetric, IF/CASE WHEN values, 
named_struct, array, NOT. Anything else stays on Spark. Tests cover your case 
and a few others.
   



##########
gluten-delta/src-delta33/main/scala/org/apache/gluten/execution/DeltaProjectExecTransformer.scala:
##########
@@ -76,17 +89,83 @@ case class DeltaProjectExecTransformer(projectList: 
Seq[NamedExpression], child:
 
   override protected def withNewChildInternal(newChild: SparkPlan): 
DeltaProjectExecTransformer =
     copy(child = newChild)
+}
+
+object DeltaProjectExecTransformer {
 
-  def genNewProjectList(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression]): 
Seq[NamedExpression] = {
-    projectList.map {
+  /**
+   * Rewrites the project list for the backend and returns it together with 
the metrics it carries,
+   * keyed the way the metrics updater credits them.
+   *
+   * With `nativeCounting`, every [[IncrementMetric]] becomes an 
[[IncrementMetricCall]] on one of
+   * the backend's counter slots, one slot per distinct metric of the 
projection, so the backend
+   * counts the rows it is evaluated on wherever it sits. A projection with 
more distinct metrics
+   * than slots falls back. Counters inside `AND` or `OR` also fall back 
because native operand
+   * reordering can change their evaluation count.
+   *
+   * Without it, only the stack of [[IncrementMetric]] at the root of an alias 
is removed and
+   * credited with the output row count. An [[IncrementMetric]] anywhere else 
is evaluated only for
+   * some rows on Spark, so it cannot be represented by the output row count;
+   * [[org.apache.gluten.extension.OffloadDeltaProject]] keeps such projects 
on Spark, and this
+   * method refuses them so validation falls back if one slips through.
+   */
+  private[gluten] def stripIncrementMetrics(
+      projectList: Seq[NamedExpression],
+      nativeCounting: Boolean): (Seq[NamedExpression], Seq[(String, 
SQLMetric)]) = {
+    if (nativeCounting) {
+      if (!IncrementMetricOffload.canOffloadProject(projectList, 
nativeCounting = true)) {
+        throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.nativeConjunctionProjectReason)
+      }
+      return rewriteToNativeCounters(projectList)
+    }
+    val metrics = mutable.ArrayBuffer.empty[(String, SQLMetric)]
+    val stripped = projectList.map {
       case alias: Alias =>
-        val newChild = alias.child.transformUp {
-          case im @ IncrementMetric(child, metric) =>
-            extraMetrics :+= (im.prettyName, metric)
-            child
+        var expr: Expression = alias.child
+        while (expr.isInstanceOf[IncrementMetric]) {
+          val increment = expr.asInstanceOf[IncrementMetric]
+          metrics += ((increment.prettyName, increment.metric))
+          expr = increment.child
+        }
+        if (containsIncrementMetricExpr(expr)) {
+          throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.conditionalProjectReason)
+        }
+        if (expr eq alias.child) alias else 
alias.withNewChildren(Seq(expr)).asInstanceOf[Alias]
+      case other =>
+        if (containsIncrementMetricExpr(other)) {
+          throw new 
GlutenNotSupportException(IncrementMetricOffload.conditionalProjectReason)
         }
-        Alias(child = newChild, name = alias.name)(alias.exprId)
+        other
+    }
+    (stripped, metrics.toSeq)
+  }
+
+  private def rewriteToNativeCounters(
+      projectList: Seq[NamedExpression]): (Seq[NamedExpression], Seq[(String, 
SQLMetric)]) = {
+    // One slot per distinct metric, in order of first appearance. SQLMetric 
has identity equality,
+    // so the same metric reached from several places shares its slot and the 
backend sums the rows
+    // of every call to it, which is how Spark increments it too.
+    val slots = mutable.LinkedHashMap.empty[SQLMetric, String]
+    def toCall(expr: Expression): Expression = expr.transformUp {
+      case increment: IncrementMetric =>
+        val functionName = slots.getOrElseUpdate(
+          increment.metric, {
+            if (slots.size >= IncrementMetricCall.maxCounters) {
+              throw new GlutenNotSupportException(
+                s"More than ${IncrementMetricCall.maxCounters} distinct 
metrics in one projection " +
+                  "cannot be counted natively")
+            }
+            IncrementMetricCall.functionName(slots.size)
+          }
+        )
+        IncrementMetricCall(increment.child, functionName)

Review Comment:
   Confirmed. The allowlist in 7f5c7a3a0 covers this too: lambdas aren't an 
allowed parent, so a counter inside a lambda body falls back. It's the same 
shared check for Delta 3.3 and 4.0, and there are tests for transform and 
filter.
   



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