mchades commented on code in PR #12624:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gravitino/pull/12624#discussion_r3863085476


##########
common/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/dto/semantic/AIContextObjectDTO.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.gravitino.dto.semantic;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonPropertyOrder;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import lombok.AccessLevel;
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+import org.apache.gravitino.semantic.AIContextObject;
+
+/** DTO for structured Semantic Model AI context. */
+@Getter
+@EqualsAndHashCode
+@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
+@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
+@Builder(setterPrefix = "with")
+@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+@JsonPropertyOrder({"instructions", "synonyms", "examples"})
+@JsonDeserialize(using = AIContextObjectDTO.Deserializer.class)
+public class AIContextObjectDTO {
+
+  @Nullable
+  @JsonProperty("instructions")
+  private String instructions;
+
+  @Nullable
+  @JsonProperty("synonyms")
+  private String[] synonyms;
+
+  @Nullable
+  @JsonProperty("examples")
+  private String[] examples;
+
+  @JsonIgnore
+  @Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)
+  @Builder.Default
+  private Map<String, Object> additionalProperties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a structured AI context DTO from an API model.
+   *
+   * @param aiContextObject The API AI context object.
+   * @return The structured AI context DTO.
+   */
+  public static AIContextObjectDTO fromAIContextObject(AIContextObject 
aiContextObject) {
+    return builder()
+        .withInstructions(aiContextObject.instructions())
+        .withSynonyms(aiContextObject.synonyms())
+        .withExamples(aiContextObject.examples())
+        .withAdditionalProperties(new 
LinkedHashMap<>(aiContextObject.additionalProperties()))
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts this DTO to an API AI context object.
+   *
+   * @return The API AI context object.
+   */
+  public AIContextObject toAIContextObject() {
+    return AIContextObject.builder()
+        .withInstructions(instructions)
+        .withSynonyms(synonyms)
+        .withExamples(examples)
+        .withAdditionalProperties(
+            additionalProperties == null ? Collections.emptyMap() : 
additionalProperties)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns unknown AI-context properties in their input order.
+   *
+   * @return The additional properties.
+   */
+  @JsonAnyGetter
+  public Map<String, Object> getAdditionalProperties() {
+    return additionalProperties == null ? Collections.emptyMap() : 
additionalProperties;
+  }
+
+  /** Deserializes structured AI context while retaining unknown JSON values 
and their order. */
+  public static final class Deserializer extends 
JsonDeserializer<AIContextObjectDTO> {

Review Comment:
   The asymmetry comes from where the information lives. For example:
   
   ```json
   {
     "instructions": "Use the fiscal year",
     "priority": 1,
     "threshold": 0.12345678901234567890
   }
   ```
   
   When serializing, the DTO already separates `instructions` from 
`additionalProperties`. Jackson writes `instructions` through `@JsonProperty`, 
while `@JsonAnyGetter` flattens `priority` and `threshold`, so the default 
serializer already produces the expected JSON shape.
   
   When deserializing, all properties arrive as flat JSON fields. Custom logic 
is needed to recognize `instructions` as a standard field, route the other 
fields into `additionalProperties`, preserve their order, retain exact 
`BigInteger`/`BigDecimal` values, and enforce strict field types.
   
   Therefore, a custom serializer would only duplicate the existing default 
behavior.



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