tarun11Mavani commented on code in PR #18643:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/18643#discussion_r3503444740


##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/segment/index/openstruct/ImmutableOpenStructDataSource.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.segment.index.openstruct;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.segment.index.datasource.BaseDataSource;
+import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.segment.index.datasource.ImmutableDataSource;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.Constants;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.datasource.DataSource;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.datasource.DataSourceMetadata;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.datasource.OpenStructDataSource;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.column.ColumnIndexContainer;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.reader.Dictionary;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.reader.ForwardIndexReader;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.reader.ForwardIndexReaderContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.reader.NullValueVectorReader;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.partition.PartitionFunction;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.ComplexFieldSpec;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec.DataType;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+
+
+/// Per-key {@link DataSource} accessor for sealed (immutable) segments with 
an OPEN_STRUCT column.
+///
+/// Always columnar — there is no blob branch. Every key that was dense enough 
during segment
+/// creation gets its own materialized {@link DataSource} (forward index + 
optional inverted index /
+/// dictionary). Keys that did not meet the density threshold are stored in an 
optional sparse
+/// column; the sparse {@link DataSource} is returned for any unmaterialized 
key lookup.
+///
+/// Use [#isMaterialized(String)] and [#isFullyMaterialized()] together to 
choose
+/// the query execution path:
+/// - Materialized key → fast path via per-key DataSource (inverted/dictionary 
index available).
+/// - Not materialized + not fully materialized → fall back to the sparse 
DataSource.
+/// - Not materialized + fully materialized → key is definitively absent; 
short-circuit.
+///
+/// Thread-safety: immutable after construction; safe for concurrent reads.
+public class ImmutableOpenStructDataSource extends BaseDataSource implements 
OpenStructDataSource {
+  private final ComplexFieldSpec _fieldSpec;
+  private final Map<String, DataSource> _perKeyDataSources;
+  @Nullable
+  private final DataSource _sparseDataSource;
+
+  public ImmutableOpenStructDataSource(ComplexFieldSpec fieldSpec, Map<String, 
DataSource> perKeyDataSources,
+      @Nullable DataSource sparseDataSource, DataSourceMetadata 
dataSourceMetadata,
+      ColumnIndexContainer indexContainer) {
+    super(dataSourceMetadata, indexContainer);
+    _fieldSpec = fieldSpec;
+    _perKeyDataSources = perKeyDataSources;
+    _sparseDataSource = sparseDataSource;
+  }
+
+  /// Convenience constructor for segment-load time. Synthesizes a minimal 
{@link DataSourceMetadata}
+  /// for the parent OPEN_STRUCT column (which has no on-disk presence of its 
own) and uses an empty
+  /// {@link ColumnIndexContainer} — all real readers live on the per-key data 
sources.
+  public ImmutableOpenStructDataSource(ComplexFieldSpec fieldSpec, Map<String, 
DataSource> perKeyDataSources,
+      @Nullable DataSource sparseDataSource, int numDocs) {
+    this(fieldSpec, perKeyDataSources, sparseDataSource,
+        new ImmutableOpenStructDataSourceMetadata(fieldSpec, numDocs),
+        new ColumnIndexContainer.FromMap.Builder().build());
+  }
+

Review Comment:
   This follows the same pattern as MAP — `BaseMapDataSource extends 
BaseDataSource` with `getDictionary()` returning null (line 61). 
   One difference: MAP's parent container holds a `MapIndexReader` as its 
forward index (the blob reader), while OPEN_STRUCT's parent container is empty 
because there's no blob — all data lives in materialized child columns.
   



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