I worked out what the problem was - following Nat's suggestion (in a very long and detailed response: thanks again!) I stripped the logic board and cleaned out all the ram sockets and the rom socket. I think the latter was the problem, there was a bit of lint caught in between two of the teeth. According to a post on the 68k mac liberation army's site this is a frequent cause of problems with these machines.
This has also fixed the lengthy delay between startup chime and happy mac, which according to repair mac (http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~shamada/fullmac/repairEng.html) is an early symptom of simasimac, the horizontal lines of death.
Thanks to everyone for their help.
Cheers, Charlie
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