Published: January 2 2001 19:28GMT | Last Updated: January 3 2001 05:15GMT



It is some consolation for the slowdown in world economic growth to be accompanied
by a decline in the oil price. Although weaker oil prices are partly the result of
weaker demand, they should help soften the landing for the global economy. And the
weakening of the oil price, from a high of $35 for a barrel of Brent crude last
October to the present level under $25, may well continue in the coming months,
notwithstanding Tuesday's rally.

This came in response to a call by Saudi Arabia for Opec to cut output at its next
meeting in mid-January. It seems that the markets, which only a month ago totally
ignored the temporary interruption in Iraqi exports, are taking the threat of a
Saudi-led Opec production cutback seriously.

But that does not necessarily mean that a single cutback - coming after four
successive Opec production quota increases last year - will succeed in stabilising
the price. Many in the world oil industry and markets have become as convinced as
Opec that the world is over-supplied with oil at present.

Such over-supply is not always obvious if one only looks at industrialised
countries. These have adopted just-in-time deliveries of oil, as of other
commodities, and can therefore often carry smaller stocks than developing countries.
Nor is it easy to track the position in countries such as China, where stockpiling
appears to have contributed to last year's run-up in the oil price.

Because industrialised economies operate on lower stocks than in the past, small
imbalances in supply or demand can have disproportionately large effects on the
price. These swings are in turn compounded by speculative oil trading.

With the marginal cost of extracting an extra barrel of oil from existing fields as
low as $4-$5, Opec countries are in one sense less vulnerable to this price
oscillation than non-Opec producers. The latter often have to struggle in rough
terrain or seas, where the marginal cost of finding and extracting a barrel of oil
can be as high as $14-$16 a barrel. So it is no surprise that the international oil
companies still feel nervous after the 1998-99 drop in the oil price to $10. Only
now are they responding to last autumn's price peak. According to one survey, they
intend to expand exploration and production by 20 per cent this year, a move that
could be wrecked if the price continues to slide.

But Opec has countries, not just companies, to run on oil, and therefore has every
interest in price stability. So cutting back production this spring might be better
than doing nothing. If such a move kept the oil price around $20, that would be a
level that Opec, the international oil companies and the world's consumers could
live with.





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