[My in-house philosopher of science is currently zoned out under a cat] There are a lot of theoretical issues involved in the ontological status of observations / observation reports / observation sentences, etc. See e.g. [1].
*Directly observable *can be a loaded term ; my cat-laden reference source notes the term is used by different philosophers to mean the kind of observations that their school of thought thinks is particularly good. Immediate might also be problematic, as it may taken as meaning unaided (e.g. no telescopes). Simon [1] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/science-theory-observation/#WhaDoObsRepDes On Dec 8, 2016 3:09 PM, "Øyvind Eide" <[email protected]> wrote: Dear Martin, I understand your rationale. However, it is a tricky question as the words are used in different ways in different disciplines. Objectivity is used in this way in CRM before, so fine. Immediate is not. To me the word ‘immediate’ indicates that the results are established without human interaction — it is surely a language problem. Would ‘direct’ instead of ‘immediate’ work? English first language’rs, any views? Regards, Øyvind 7. des. 2016 kl. 21:07 skrev martin <[email protected]>: Dear Oeyvind, "objective" may be an overkill. I thought of using a yardstick, which compare the Yardstick with the item by human senses. The method is objective. Do you have examples of non-objective measurements? The term "immediate" I would not like to drop, because I want to make clear that evaluation of documents is not regarded as measurement. "Remote sensing" still requires the sensors to be in place at the time. Astronomy is not a priority domain for us, but "measuring" a Supernova at several thousand light years distance would require measuring a Supernova signasl arriving at us. So, for me measurement means being in immediate contact with the measured. Would that make sense? Cheers, Martin On 7/12/2016 11:36 πμ, Øyvind Eide wrote: Dear Martin, I think the following claim is too strong: “a systematic, objective procedure of immediate observation” I think both objective and immediate have to be qualified in order to be used in this context. As the last paragraph describes the process in some detail, the reference to objectivity and immediateness can also just be removed. All the best, Øyvind 24. nov. 2016 kl. 17:04 skrev martin <[email protected]>: Dear All, After consultation with Achille and Thanasi, here my proposed scope note for E16. The idea is to introduce S4 Observation and Observable Entity into CRM proper. *Old Scope note:* E16 Measurement Subclass of: E13 Attribute Assignment Scope note: This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic procedure. Examples include measuring the monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a specific video cassette. The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Details of methods and devices are best handled as free text, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using *P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type*. Examples: § measurement of height of silver cup 232 on the 31st August 1997 § the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [an about 400.000 years old Palaeolithic complete wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany in 1995] In First Order Logic: E16(x) ⊃ E13(x) Properties: P39 measured (was measured by): E1 CRM Entity P40 observed dimension (was observed in): E54 Dimension *New Scope Note:* E16 Measurement Subclass of: E13 Attribute Assignment Scope note: This class comprises actions measuring quantitative physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of immediate observation of particular states of physical reality. Properties of instances of E90 Symbolic Object may be measured via observing some of their representative carriers. Examples include measuring the nominal monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a movie on a specific video cassette. The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as *P33 used specific technique,* *P125 used object of type*,* P16 used specific object*, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using *P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type*. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate subactivities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query. Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between in the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as instance of E16 Measurement, but as another form of subsequent attribute assignment. Rather, the production of the images themselves is regarded as instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data. Examples: § measurement of height of silver cup 232 on the 31st August 1997 § the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [an about 400.000 years old Palaeolithic complete wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany in 1995] In First Order Logic: E16(x) ⊃ E13(x) Properties: P39 measured (was measured by): E1 CRM Entity P40 observed dimension (was observed in): E54 Dimension Best, Martin -- -------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Martin Doerr | Vox:+30(2810)391625 | Research Director | Fax:+30(2810)391638 | | Email: [email protected] | | Center for Cultural Informatics | Information Systems Laboratory | Institute of Computer Science | Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) | | N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, | GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece | | Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl | -------------------------------------------------------------- _______________________________________________ Crm-sig mailing list [email protected] http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig -- -------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Martin Doerr | Vox:+30(2810)391625 | Research Director | Fax:+30(2810)391638 | | Email: [email protected] | | Center for Cultural Informatics | Information Systems Laboratory | Institute of Computer Science | Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) | | N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, | GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece | | Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl | -------------------------------------------------------------- _______________________________________________ Crm-sig mailing list [email protected] http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig
