Dear All,
I am fascinated by your enthousiasm and good comments, *BUT *if anyone
of you had opened the link,
https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?&l=en
you would have seen, that they use the term "Digital Collections", and
not me!
**
So, I improve:
* The "Digital Collections" of the "Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ)"
accessible via https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018.
and I insist *NOT *to use any other term *in that* example than the real
life one...
Best,
martin
On 1/11/2018 1:35 PM, Christian-Emil Smith Ore wrote:
The number two is what all sets with two elements have in common or according
to Gottlob Frege the number two is to count to two etc etc.
Most dictionaries I have checked focus on the difference between digital as
discrete signals and analog as continuous signals. I think this will change
since digital already has a tendency to denote something connected to
computer/non-analog electronic gadgets/devices.
After creating and developing what has been called digital collections the last 25 years
and working together with the scholars curating such beasts, my observation is that a
digital collection is very similar to the traditional "physical" collections.
There are of course some differences. You cannot really store a stuffed mammoth in a
computer system without destroying the computer system. You may store a digital image
depicting it. A digital collection is a collection of data (maybe information but let us
drop that debate here) which mostly could have been stored on paper, magnetic tape etc,
but in the case of a digital collection it will be stored in a computer system. One
usually don’t care about the representation level (bit direction, sound waves in mercury
(Turing) etc.).
A (digital) collection maybe copied and published as a finished unit. My copy
will not be the collection. It will be a copy (of the content) of the
collection at a given point in time. It is definitely a physical thing.
To make the discussion more complex: The curatorial aspect is also important
when using the word collection. A collection can be an actor + a physical
(data) set + the activity of curating the (data) set.
In the fourth example on could put the word Digital in parenthesis or delete it:
The (Digital) Collections of the Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible
via https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018
Best
Christian-Emil
From: Crm-sig <[email protected]> on behalf of Franco Niccolucci
<[email protected]>
Sent: 11 January 2018 11:03
To: Achille Felicetti
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [Crm-sig] ISSUE 295 homework
Thanks Achille.
That sentence about 0s and 1s is there probably because people, and especially
humanists like dictionary editors, don’t understand the nature of numbers.
The number “two” is the number two, not two cows, two oranges or two humans.
Its definition does not need any physical representation and even abstracts
from any conceptual way of representing it, i.e. with a binary system (0s and
1s) or sexagesimal one. Actually in most cases, and in most people’s minds, two
is 1 and 2, not 0 and 1, which comes in because the computer representation
uses a flip-flop circuit.
This is very clear from Martin’s distinction quoted in some previous email
between Maxwells’ equations and the way they are formally represented, and then
printed in a book. So there are three levels: the concept, the conceptual
representation, and its physical footprint. Of these, two are described by the
CRM, the intermediate one being probably considered as irrelevant.
Franco
Prof. Franco Niccolucci
Director, VAST-LAB
PIN - U. of Florence
Scientific Coordinator
ARIADNE - PARTHENOS
Piazza Ciardi 25
59100 Prato, Italy
Il giorno 11 gen 2018, alle ore 10:06, Achille Felicetti
<[email protected]> ha scritto:
Dear Franco,
Il giorno 10 gen 2018, alle ore 21:52, Franco Niccolucci
<[email protected]> ha scritto:
Quoting Martin below
[By Digital Collections] ... we do not mean the servers as a whole, but only
the material signal encoding on the media.
This statement is an oxymoron. Whatever material thing cannot be digital, not even
“signals”: according to my Oxford Dictionary, digital means "expressed as a series
of the digits 0 and 1". In a collection, whatever it is, you just get more 0’s and
1’s but no material thing.
For completeness it should also be noted that the Oxford Dictionary goes on to
explain that the 0 and 1 digits are: “typically represented by values of a
physical quantity such as voltage or magnetic polarization”, which seems, in
some way, to refer to some kind of “physicality” still present “in the
background” :-)
A.
Thanasis is right as regards deprecating the use of the expression “Digital
Collections”. This term does not mean a material thing also for the authors of
the Oxford Dictionary, besides the many readers he mentions that include myself.
I may agree that the “encoding on the media” consists in (perhaps temporary and
reversible) alterations of the media itself, possibly with only two different
states eg black/white, positive/negative, etc, to encode the content according
to a predefined code; and recorded there magnetically, optically or carved (the
Code of Hammurabi kept at the Louvre, unfortunately not with a binary code); in
any case altering (some property of) the media itself. It could also be Martin
Doerr’s voice, analogically recorded on vinyl on 10/01/2018 from 21:48 to
22:30 while reading the Code of Hammurabi in Akkadian (with a nice voice but
with a terrible German accent, unfortunately) .
So, thumbs down for "digital collections”.
Franco
Prof. Franco Niccolucci
Director, VAST-LAB
PIN - U. of Florence
Scientific Coordinator
ARIADNE - PARTHENOS
Piazza Ciardi 25
59100 Prato, Italy
Il giorno 10 gen 2018, alle ore 21:02, Martin Doerr <[email protected]> ha
scritto:
Dear Thanasi,
On 1/10/2018 1:30 PM, Athanasios Velios wrote:
Shouldn't this:
§ The Digital Collections of the Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible
via https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018.
be instead:
§ The group of servers (hardware) holding the Digital Collections of the
Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible via
https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018.
The term "Digital Collections" will not necessarily mean a physical thing for
many readers.
Actually we do not mean the servers as a whole, but only the material signal encoding on
the media. This interpretation gives correct answers that the collection can be
destroyed, and is a "holding" in the hands of the maintainers, i.e., physically
kept, and that it can change like a physical thing loosing its previous form.
The immaterial item would not change, reside on multiple carriers. An update
would create a new derivative, i.e., another thing, not affecting other copies
around.
The material interpretation is problematic if the content is moved around
servers.
Another interpretation is that of a "volatile dataset" we at FORTH used in the PARTHENOS
project, which uses the logical condition that there is only one representative version of the data
object at any point in time, regardless carrier. It updates like a material object. This may in
general create a problem, if the authority identifying the correct representative version not
clear. I tried to be neutral to this dilemma by using the URL, which points to the physical
"location", under which the representative version will appear, and makes the storage
system an internal issue of the maintainer.
Consider a "move" of the database to another storage system and a simultaneous update.
Then, formally, neither the carrier nor the content is the same, but it is still the same
"digital library".
Note, that if I make a copy of a digital library, I get an immaterial object,
which will not be representative after the first change to the original,
without me doing anything. Hence, the digital library does not behave like an
Information Object in the sense of the CRM.
All the best,
Martin
All the best,
Thanasis
On 04/01/18 17:39, Martin Doerr wrote:
Dear All,
Here my proposals:
"ISSUE 295
Following Martin’s proposal to remove class E84 since it does not satisfy the
requirements proposed on issue 340, the sig proposed the examples of material
carrier of a digital object to be moved to E24 of an E25 digital feature and
possibly to E78 οr put example for E78 of Server holding Digital Asset
Management.
Finally, the sig asked Martin to make an example. The issue will be complete with
examples. It is decided to be created a new issue for covering the discussion
aboutE84 staying or going"
*I propose:
Delete:*
E84 Information Carrier
Subclass of:E22 <#_E22_Man-Made_Object> Man-Made Object
Scope note:This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are
explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73
Information Object.
An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a
diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an
E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose,
it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property /P128 carries (is
carried by)/ applies to E18 Physical Thing in general.
Examples:
§the Rosetta Stone
§my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment
§the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the
CIDOC CRM
In First Order Logic:
E84(x) ⊃E22(x)
*New examples in:*
*E78 Curated Holding***
Subclass of: E24 <#_E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing> Physical Man-Made Thing
Scope note:This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing
that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological
terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific
purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development
plan.Typical instances of curated holdings are museum collections, archives,
library holdings and digital libraries. A digital library is regarded as an
instance of E18 Physical Thing because it requires keeping physical carriers of
the electronic content.
Items may be added or removed from an E78 Curated Holding in pursuit of this
plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78
Curated Holding often referred to with the name of the E78 Curated Holding
(e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”).
Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder
with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19
Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Curated Holding. This is because
they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because
they are kept together for their functionality.
Examples:
§the John Clayton Herbarium
§the Wallace Collection
§Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium at Museum of Natural
History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway
§The Digital Collections of the Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible via
https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018.
In First Order Logic:
E78(x) ⊃E24(x)
*E24 Physical Man-Made **Thing***
Subclass of:E18 <#_E18_Physical_Thing> Physical Thing
E71 <#_E71_Man-Made_Thing>Man-Made Thing
Superclass of: E22 <#_E22_Man-Made_Object>Man-Made Object
E25 <#_E25_Man-Made_Feature>Man-Made Feature
E78 <#_E78_Collection>Collection
Scope Note:This class comprises all persistent physical items that are
purposely created by human activity.
This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features,
such as rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification
required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a “cup and
ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
Examples:
§the Forth Railway Bridge (E22)
§the Channel Tunnel (E25)
§the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78)
§the Rosetta Stone (E22)
§my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22)
§the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the
CIDOC CRM (E22)
§my empty DVD disk (E22)
In First Order Logic:
E24(x) ⊃E18(x)
E24(x) ⊃E71(x)
Properties:
P62 <#_P62_depicts_%28is_depicted%20by%29> depicts (is depicted by): E1
<#_E1_CRM_Entity> CRM Entity
(P62.1 mode of depiction: E55 <#_E55_Type> Type)
P65 <#_P65_shows_visual_item%20%28is%20shown%20by%29> shows visual item (is shown
by): E36 <#_E36_Visual_Item> Visual Item
*Scope Note extension:**
*
*E25 Man-Made Feature***
Subclass of:E24 <#_E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing> Physical Man-Made Thing
E26 <#_E26_Physical_Feature>Physical Feature
Scope Note:This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by
human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels,
etc. In particular it includes the information encoding features on mechanical
or digital carriers.
No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify
regarding a feature as man-made. For example, rock art or even “cup and ring”
carvings on bedrock a regarded as types of E25 Man-Made Feature.
Examples:
§the Manchester Ship Canal
§Michael Jackson’s nose following plastic surgery
§The laser-readable “pits” engraved June 2014 in my CD-R, copying songs of
Edith Piaf’s.
§The carved letters on the Rosetta Stone
In First Order Logic:
E25(x) ⊃E26(x)
E25(x) ⊃E24(x)
--
--------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Martin Doerr | Vox:+30(2810)391625 |
Research Director | Fax:+30(2810)391638 |
| Email:[email protected] |
|
Center for Cultural Informatics |
Information Systems Laboratory |
Institute of Computer Science |
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) |
|
N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, |
GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece |
|
Web-site:http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl |
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--------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Martin Doerr | Vox:+30(2810)391625 |
Research Director | Fax:+30(2810)391638 |
| Email: [email protected] |
|
Center for Cultural Informatics |
Information Systems Laboratory |
Institute of Computer Science |
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) |
|
N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, |
GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece |
|
Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl |
--------------------------------------------------------------
_______________________________________________
Crm-sig mailing list
[email protected]
http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig
_______________________________________________
Crm-sig mailing list
[email protected]
http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig
_______________________________________________
Crm-sig mailing list
[email protected]
http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig
_______________________________________________
Crm-sig mailing list
[email protected]
http://lists.ics.forth.gr/mailman/listinfo/crm-sig
--
--------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Martin Doerr | Vox:+30(2810)391625 |
Research Director | Fax:+30(2810)391638 |
| Email: [email protected] |
|
Center for Cultural Informatics |
Information Systems Laboratory |
Institute of Computer Science |
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) |
|
N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, |
GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece |
|
Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl |
--------------------------------------------------------------
