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Ivy Ledbetter Lee Papers

1881-1989

Bulk Dates 1915-1946

MC #085






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�Introduction
�Biographical Sketch
�History
�Arrangement
�Series Descriptions
�Related Records
�Folder List


� 1997 Princeton University Library



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Introduction


The Ivy L. Lee Papers consist of personal papers and material from the
public relations firm of Ivy Lee and Associates documenting his public
relations theories and practice. Included are correspondence, diaries,
articles, writings, public relations material, newsreels, and
photographs reflecting his interest in public relations, transportation
(especially railroads), financial markets, and foreign relations, among
others. The Papers also contain documents relating to other Lee family
members including Reverend James W. Lee (father), Emma Eufaula Lee
(mother), Cornelia Bartlett Bigelow Lee (wife), Alice Lee Cudlipp
(daughter), James W. Lee II (son), and Ivy L. Lee, Jr. (son).

The papers were given to the Princeton University in the late 1950s by
the Lee family. Subsequently, public relations material (Matter Sent Out
volumes) from Ivy Lee and Associates, were a gift of T. J. Ross and
Associates in 1978. Over the last thirty years Ivy Lee's sons and
daughter have on occasion donated additional papers to the Library.

Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to
publish material from the collection must be requested from the
Associate University Librarian for Rare Books and Special Collections.
The Library has no information on the status of literary rights in the
collection and researchers are responsible for determining any question
of copyright. Citations should be as follows: Ivy L. Lee Papers, Box #,
Seeley G. Mudd Library, Used by permission of the Princeton University
Library.

Size:

79 linear feet (118 archival boxes, 30 oversize boxes, 2 films).

This collection was processed by Paula Jabloner with the assistance of
Katherine Couch and Shawn O'Neill from September 1992 to June 1993.


Biographical Sketch


Ivy L. Lee was born in Cedartown, Georgia on July 16, 1877 of Emma
Eufaula Ledbetter Lee and the Reverend Dr. James Wideman Lee, a well
known Methodist clergyman in the South. Ivy Lee's childhood was spent in
Atlanta, Georgia except for his senior year in high school spent in St.
Louis, Missouri. He attended Emory College in Atlanta for two years and
then transferred to Princeton University from which he graduated in
1898. While at Princeton Lee was active on the college newspaper and won
the Lynde debate prize.

Lee did post-graduate work at Harvard and Columbia Universities but due
to lack of funds entered newspaper work. He was a journalist at the New
York American, the New York Times, and the New York World. He preferred
to write about business and financial affairs. His first work in public
relations came in 1903 as publicity manager for the Citizens' Union. He
authored the textbook (The Best Administration New York City Ever Had)
used in Seth Low's unsuccessful mayoral campaign. Lee then took a press
job with the Democratic National Committee.

Lee and George Parker, press agent for the Democratic National
Committee, opened the pioneering public relations firm of Parker and Lee
in 1905. Parker provided the connections and Lee the creativity in this
venture. In this era of muckraking journalism, Lee saw the benefit
public relations work could have for big business, believing if people
were presented with all the facts on both sides of an issue they would
not come down so harshly on business interests. Lee saw his role as
interpreting the public to the industrialists and the industrialist to
the people. To achieve this end Lee believed in supplying the newspapers
with as much information as possible. His "Declaration of Principles,"
drafted during the anthracite coal strike in the spring of 1906, explai
ned his guiding precepts of public relations theory. The main points of
the Declaration were, to guarantee the accuracy of his facts and leave
to the discretion of the newspaper editor whether an item was worth
printing as news. The aim was to provide news not advertising.

Another opportunity to practice these principles came with work for the
Pennsylvania Railroad in 1906. The railroad had a policy of refusing
reporters access to all accident sites or granting interviews. This
policy led to reporters' mistrust of the railroad and in turn mistrust
on the part of the general public. Lee immediately opened the lines of
communication with frequent updates and arranged for reporters to travel
to accident sites. In 1908 Lee joined the Pennsylvania Railroad full
time, in charge of their publicity bureau.

In 1910 Lee and his young family sailed to Europe where he arranged to
open European offices for the investment firm of Harris, Winthrop, and
Company. While in London, Lee delivered a series of lectures at the
London School of Economics on railroads. On December 1, 1912 he became
executive assistant to the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This
position gave Lee the opportunity to help influence policy, not just
react to incidents at the railroad. Much of Lee's energy was spent in
fighting the public clamor to lower freight rates. In 1914 the president
of the railroad lent Lee to John D. Rockefeller, Jr. to help counter
negative press during strikes at the Colorado Fuel and Oil Company
mines.

Lee's work for Rockefeller led to the acceptance of a position on the
personal advisory staff of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. beginning January 1,
1915. About a year later, he ended his employ with the Rockefellers
determined to open an independent publicity firm (see next page). During
World War I, Lee served as publicity director and later as Assistant to
the Chairman of the American Red Cross.

As the firm prospered with T. J. Ross taking on more duties as day to
day manager during the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lee turned his
attention to many international concerns. He turned his lifelong
interest in Russia into a one-man campaign for recognition of the Soviet
Union, believing that commerce and a free flow of ideas with the United
States would "kill bolshevism." In 1926 he wrote a letter to the
President of the United States Chamber of Commerce arguing for
recognition of the Soviet Union, which eventually made front page
headlines. Lee continued through the 1920s to push for United States
recognition of the Soviet Union leading to many false accusations that
Lee was in the employ of the Soviet government as a propagandist.
Present Day Russia (1928) outlined his observations of the Soviet Union
made during a trip in 1927. At the time of Lee's death he was again
embroiled in controversy surrounding his consulting work for I. G.
Farben Industries of Germany. Many individuals claimed he was in the
 employ of the Nazi government. No proof was ever found that this
allegation was correct.

Lee married Cornelia Bartlett Bigelow in 1901. The couple had three
children: Alice Lee (Cudlipp) in 1902, James Wideman Lee II in 1906, and
Ivy Lee, Jr. in 1909. Ivy Lee died of a brain tumor on November 9, 1934;
he was 57 years old.


Organizational History of Ivy Lee & Associates


The firm was opened on April 1, 1916 by Ivy Lee. Partners in the firm
included W. W. Harris, a newspaper man, and James W. Lee, Jr, his
brother who had also done publicity work for the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The firm was originally known as Lee, Harris and Lee. Later the name was
changed to Ivy Lee and Associates. The firm took on many prominent
clients, among them the Pennsylvania Railroad, John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
and Jr., various investment houses, industrial organizations, and
philanthropic institutions. T. J. Ross joined the firm in 1919. In 1933
the name of the firm was changed to Ivy L. Lee and T. J. Ross. T. J.
Ross became a senior partner and the other members of the staff junior
partners. The junior partners in 1933 were Burnham Carter, Harcourt
Parrish, Joseph Ripley, James W. Lee II, and Ivy L. Lee, Jr. At Ivy
Lee's death the name continued with T J. Ross becoming the senior
partner. In 1944 Ivy Lee, Jr. withdrew from the firm and opened his own
office in San Francisco. In 1961 at James W. Lee II's retirement from
the firm the name was changed to T. J. Ross and Associates, Inc.
Description


This collection consists of assorted material by and about Lee and his
involvement in the history, development and practice of public relations
work in the United States during the first half of the twentieth
century. The material includes correspondence, writings, and personal
material on both Ivy Lee and his immediate family.

In addition, the corporate records of the public relations firm Ivy Lee
& Associates are also included in the papers. The records cover the
period 1916 through 1946. These records consist of materials used in
various public relations campaigns. Some of the larger clients
represented are John D. Rockefeller Sr. and Jr., the Pennsylvania
Railroad, Armour Inc., Bethlehem Steel and Chrysler Corporation.
 Arrangement




The Collection has been arranged in the following series:

I Correspondence, 1909-1934 (arranged alphabetically)

II International Affairs, 1922-1934 (arranged alphabetically)

III Travels, 1909, 1928-1934 (arranged chronologically)

IV Writings



Manuscripts, 1907-1930 (arranged alphabetically)
Speeches, 1910-1934 (arranged chronologically)

V Personal



Correspondence, 1898-1934
Condolences, 1934
Diaries, 1893-1906 (arranged chronologically)
Manuscripts, 1930, 1933 (arranged alphabetically)
Biographical, 1923-1970 (arranged alphabetically)
Memorabilia, 1907-1985 (arranged alphabetically)
Family Members, 1894-1935 (arranged alphabetically)

VI Printed Matter



Articles, 1914-1989 (arranged alphabetically)
Memorabilia, 1895-1965 (arranged alphabetically)
Newsclippings, 1893-1958 (arranged chronologically)
Writings, 1905-1934 (arranged chronologically)

VII Ivy Lee and Associates



Office Matters (arranged alphabetically)
Client Files (arranged alphabetically)
Printed materials
Matter Sent Out (arranged alphabetically)

VIII Oversize

IX Visual Materials
Added Entries


The following added entries have been assigned to this collection to
highlight significant sources (other than the main entry), subjects, and
forms of the collection's materials. Where possible Library of Congress
Subject headings have been used, and the forms of names reflect
international cataloging standards. As a result, all of these entries
may be searched in the Department's database (MASC), in the Library's
online catalog, and the public card catalog to find other related
material.

People



Kahn, Otto, 1867-1934

Lee, James Wideman, 1849-1919

Rockefeller, John D. Jr., 1874-1960

Rockefeller, John D. Sr., 1839-1937


Subject Headings (in uppercase) / Form Headings (in upper and lower
case)




ADVERTISING--UNITED STATES--20TH CENTURY
ALLIED LIQUOR INDUSTRIES--PUBLIC RELATIONS
AMERICAN RED CROSS--PUBLIC RELATIONS
AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
ANTHRACITE OPERATORS--PUBLIC
ASSOCIATION OF RAILROAD EXECUTIVES--PUBLIC RELATIONS
BANKERS TRUST COMPANY (NEW YORK, N.Y.)--PUBLIC RELATIONS
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION--PUBLIC RELATIONS
CHRYSLER CORPORATION--PUBLIC RELATIONS
COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM--PUBLIC RELATIONS
COPPER & BRASS RESEARCH ASSOCIATIONS (U.S.)-PUBLIC RELATIONS
COTTON-TEXTILE INSTITUTE--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Diaries, American--19th century
Diaries, American--20th century
DOMINICK & DOMINICK--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Fathers and sons--Georgia--20th century--Correspondence
Fathers and sons--Missouri--20th century--Correspondence
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM FUND FOR THE PROMOTION OF AERONAUTICS-- PUBLIC
RELATIONS
INDUSTRIAL PUBLICITY
INTERBOROUGH RAPID TRANSIT COMPANY OF NEW YORK--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Lee, Ivy L. (Ivy Ledbetter), 1877-1934--Photographs
NATIONAL BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS--PUBLIC RELATIONS
NEW YORK (N.Y.)--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT--1898-1951
NEW YORK TRUST COMPANY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Princeton University--Alumni (Class of 1898)--Correspondence
Princeton University--Alumni (Class of 1898)--Works
Princeton University--Alumni (Class of 1898)--Diaries
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Public Relations consultants--United States--20th century--
Correspondence
Public relations consultants--United States--20th century--Works
PUBLIC RELATIONS AND POLITICS--UNITED STATES--20TH CENTURY
PUBLIC RELATIONS--UNITED STATES--BANKS AND BANKING--2OTH CENTURY
PUBLIC RELATIONS--UNITED STATES--INDUSTRY--20TH CENTURY
PUBLIC RELATIONS--UNITED STATES--PETROLEUM INDUSTRY--20TH CENTURY
PUBLIC RELATIONS--UNITED STATES--RAILROADS--20TH CENTURY
PUBLIC RELATIONS--UNITED STATES--20TH CENTURY
RAILROADS--UNITED STATES--MANAGEMENT--20TH CENTURY
ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D. (JOHN DAVISON), 1839-1937--PUBLIC OPINION
STANDARD OIL COMPANY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
SOCONY-MOBIL OIL COMPANY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
T. J. ROSS AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY--PUBLIC RELATIONS
Related Records

Related Publications


Hiebert, Ray Eldon, Courtier to the Crowd: The Story of Ivy Lee and the
Development of Public Relations (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University
Press, 1966)

Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, The City for the People: The Best Administration New
York Ever Had (New York: Citizens Union, 1903)

Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, Human Nature and Railroads (Philadelphia: E. S. Nash
& Co., 1915)

Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, Memories of Uncle Remus: Joel Chandler Harris as
Seen and Remembered by a Few of His Friends (New York: privately
printed, 1908)

Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, Present-Day Russia (New York: The Macmillan Co.,
1928)

Lee, Ivy Ledbetter, U.S.S.R.: A World Enigma (New York: privately
printed, 1927)

Related Holdings at Seeley G. Mudd Library

Princeton University Scrapbooks

Princeton University Class of 1898

Princeton University Senior Theses on Ivy Lee

Atwater, Edward Sanford, IV, Practice or Principle: A Study of Ivy Lee
 (1967: History, 124 pp.)

Beckwith, Stephen Ross, Counsellor to Big Business: Ivy Lee and Business
Reform, 1900-1930 (1964: Woodrow Wilson School, 143 pp.)

Berlin, Arnold Mark, Ivy Lee (1946: Woodrow Wilson School, 149 pp.)

Halsey, MacDonald Brooke, Ivy Lee and Russia (1966: History, 102 pp.)

Lyon, Peter Baker, Ivy L. Lee: Public Relations Theory and Practice
 (1968: History, 78 pp.)



 Pendray, G. Edward, Papers

McAneny, George C., Papers (material on Interborough Rapid Transit)

Related Holdings at Other Institutions

The Rockefeller Archives Center, Tarrytown, NY

Harcourt Parrish Papers, University of Virginia

Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, DE (Pennsylvania Railroad
Collection)

Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg, PA (Pennsylvania Railroad
Collection)
Series Descriptions


Series I - Correspondence, 1909-1934 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes
1-4]

Ivy Lee corresponded with a wide variety of individuals but the
correspondence series does not reflect the wide range of correspondence
which Lee must have carried on with these individuals. Included are
presidents of various companies and other well known business and
government individuals. The correspondence documents relative
non-significant affairs of Ivy Lee. Many of the letters acknowledge the
exchange of printed matter or routine affairs. A minority of the
correspondence does have significant information in it. Also included
are letters received concerning publications of Ivy Lee's, a small
percentage of these letters raise positive and negative points about the
publications. The correspondence with John D. Rockefeller, Jr. is the
most complete set, illustrating their working relationship from 1914
when he was hired by the family to his death in 1934.

 Series II - International Affairs, 1922-1934 (arranged alphabetically)
[Boxes 4-5]

This series consists of various forms of material documenting Ivy Lee's
interest in matters relating to Europe. Much of Lee's effort in the
international arena concerned financial matters, stemming from his work
for Harris, Winthrop and Company. The researcher interested in
international affairs will also want to look at Lee's writings,
speeches, memorandum, and the publication Information from Ivy Lee &
Associates.

The materials include an interview with President Calvin Coolidge on war
debts and reparations especially as they concern the Mellon-Beranger
agreement (1927) on the elimination of Inter-Allied war debts. Lee
believed that compelling full European payment of debts would undermine
the economy of both the United States and Europe because of the
resulting loss of trade. The Interviews and Reports by Dr. Gibbons
describe European sentiment on the Mellon-Beranger agreement. The John
Maynard Keynes Memorandum was a confidential memorandum written by
Keynes to the British Prime Minister offering information and insight on
the United States economic situation in 1931. Lee sent the confidential
memorandum to many of his friends and business connections.

Material of interest in this series is the Miscellaneous Materials on
Germany, including letters, notes and writings used by Lee to gain an
understanding of the situation in Germany during the early 1930s.
Material relating to the charges that Ivy Lee was under the employ of
the Nazi government is in the McCormack Committee folder. The Russian
Controversy file contains material from the false accusation made in
1929 that Lee was under the employ of the Soviet government. Of interest
are notes from an interview Lee conducted with Senator Mussolini of
Italy in 1923, asking Mussolini what thoughts he would like to get
across to the United States public concerning Italy.

Series III - Travels, 1909, 1928-1934 (arranged chronologically) [Boxes
5-6]

This series will aid the researcher in establishing Ivy Lee's itinerary
and the various people he met while traveling in Europe during the late
1920s and early 1930s. Also included are letters of introduction from a
trip he made to Europe in 1909.

 Series IV - Writings [Boxes 6-10]

This series documents Lee's writings consisting of manuscripts,
speeches, and manuscripts written under Lee's direction. The series
provides, along with the memoranda and the publication Information, the
most comprehensive material documenting Ivy Lee's views, theories, and
understanding of topics ranging from public relations, the railroads,
and international affairs.

 Manuscripts and Notes, 1907-1930 (arranged chronologically) [Boxes 6-8]

This sub-series contains various manuscripts written by or for Lee. The
materials in this sub-series are almost entirely unpublished
manuscripts. The volume "Notes on a Trip Over the Harriman Railroads,"
(the Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific, the Oregon Railroad, and the
Oregon Shortline) documents in great detail Lee's activities and
observances on the operations of these railroads. During his 40-day trip
in 1907 he recommended various forms of publicity for the lines and
described the general and economic conditions in the areas traversed.
Other writings concerning railroads include lectures for a "Railway
Transportation Class," the "Technique of Publicity," written for the
Electric Railway Journal in 1917, and "What Ails the Railroads."

The majority of Lee's writings concern the art of publicity. Lee
explored the idea of publishing a series of lectures he gave May 14 and
15, 1924 at Harvard University under the title "The Meaning of
Publicity." Also in this sub-series is "Publicity: The Profession of
Persuading the Public," a compilation of articles and speeches most
likely written in the mid-1920s to educate the business leaders on the
use of publicity. Other manuscripts on publicity include, "The Public
Eye" (mid-1920s), and its revision "An Intelligent Citizen's Guide to
Propaganda," which attempts to explain the sound and unsound aspects of
propaganda. In 1928 Lee had his staff assist in the editing of another
publicity book, "Mr. Lee's Publicity Book, 'an exposition of the methods
and objects of publicity.'" The purpose of the manuscript was to show
how public relations with its dissemination of information is important
to the functioning of a democratic society. "Constructive Publicity,"
compiled most likely in the late 1920s is a collections of material on
public relations and advertising. The last manuscript Lee prepared was
"Problems of Propaganda: A Challenge to Democracy" in 1930. This volume
is a series of addresses in which Lee "attempted rather to suggest
enquiry...[in]to the problems which are raised in the present-day
discussion of what are popularly and loosely termed 'publicity' or
'propaganda' activities." All the above manuscripts were never
published.

Lee also wrote on financial matters, particularly war reparations and
their effect on the world economy. The "Gold Standard Memorandum"
dictated September 28, 1930, reflects the view of some English leaders
on the effects of the world-wide depression and gold distribution in the
world market. "Gold Resumption in Great Britain," gives a very concise
history of Great Britain's economic history from World War I to 1933
with the resumption of the Gold Standard.

Also contained in this sub-series is a manuscript written in 1930 that
illustrates Lee's continuing interest in the Soviet Union. "Russia," is
a series of information strung together on communism and many aspects of
Russian social and political life from religion and women to the
Comintern. The manuscript makes an attempt to synthesize much of the
knowledge Lee had acquired and collected on the Soviet Union.

 Manuscripts for Lee by Others, undated, 1926, 1930 (arranged
alphabetically) [Box 8]

Lee on occasion would hire an individual or have his office staff
prepare manuscripts from his notes on various topics because he did not
have the time to do so on his own. "Capitalism" was written by Malcolm
McComb for Lee and later revised by Lee. The manuscript offers a
description of capitalism for the lay person. "Wall Street" was written
by Frank Bellamy to illustrate who the leaders of Wall Street were and
what Wall Street was like in the 1920s.

 Speeches, 1910-1934 (arranged chronologically) [Boxes 8-10]

Ivy Lee's speeches encompass all the issues he was interested in
throughout his life including economics, foreign relations,
transportation, and public relations. He was well known for his
capabilities as a speaker and was eager to express his views through
 speeches. Many of the speeches duplicate each other in part but the
speeches are one of the best methods for researching Lee's thoughts,
theories, and observations on all matters that interested him.

The majority of the speeches from 1910 to 1924 relate to the "railroad
question, situation, or problem," as Lee termed it. Generally this
referred to the biggest single issue affecting the railroads at the
time. For example, while Lee was executive assistant to the President of
the Pennsylvania Railroad (1912 through 1915), many of the railroad
speeches concern the campaign to raise freight rates. Most of the
railroad speeches from 1917 to 1919 discuss government control of the
railroads during the war.

The November 1920 speeches and some early 1921 speeches offer Lee's
recollections of conditions in Europe. Interspersed from 1921 to 1923
are also speeches on capitalism, personalities, the social order, the
current situation in Europe, and publicity. All the 1924 speeches
pertain to the railroad situation whereas the 1925 addresses only refer
to public relations with the exception of a transcript of a debate
between Lee and Charles Solomon titled "The Interests of Humanity can
Best be Served Under Capitalism." In 1926 Lee spoke on all the subjects
mentioned previously. Lee in 1927 and 1928 talked almost exclusively on
Russia coinciding with the publication of U.S.S.R. A World Enigma, with
the exception of a few speeches discussing publicity, and international
relations. A majority of the speeches in 1929 discuss, "Protecting the
Public from Propaganda." Most of the early 1930 speeches reflect Lee's
interest in Asia having just returned from the meeting of the Institute
for Pacific Relations in Kyoto, Japan. In the latter half of 1930 Lee's
speeches turned toward public relations. The 1931 speeches document
Lee's interest in the railroad situation and Russia. The 1932 speeches
relate to war debts and reparations, newspapers and news makers, and
publicity and advertising. The subjects of 1933 speeches are "The
Outlook for the Railroads," "Use of Publicity in Sales Promotion," and
"The Virtues and Defects of Capitalism." "The Contracts of Nations and A
New Technique of Helpful International Propaganda" are the only speeches
Ivy Lee delivered in 1934.

 Series V - Personal, 1898-1934 [Boxes 11-19]

This series documents a variety of material relating to Ivy Lee's
personal life. The researcher will find much information on Lee's
immediate family. Lee would at times in his personal correspondence
write on issues related to his professional life and the researcher may
want to look at the correspondence with Rev. James W. Lee, Cornelia Lee,
and James W. Lee II.

 Correspondence, 1898-1934 [Boxes 11-14]

The bulk of the personal correspondence is with Reverend James W. Lee,
Ivy Lee's father. At times they would correspond daily and Lee discussed
all major decisions with his father until Rev. Lee's death in October of
1919. Unfortunately, correspondence from the 1913 through 1915 is
missing, the period when Lee made some of the most important decisions
of his life. The correspondence in 1917 and 1918 documents Lee's Red
Cross work during World War I. Correspondence with Lee's mother Emma
Eufuala Lee includes caring for Rev. Lee before his death and
observations on a trip she took around the world in 1927.

There is a large quantity of correspondence to his wife Cornelia Lee
while he was in Europe. During World War I he wrote daily, which
provides an excellent source for his day to day activities at the time.

Correspondence between the children and their parents is also included
here. Most of Alice Lee's correspondence is from trips overseas. Ivy
Lee, Jr.'s correspondence is to his parents while in school or overseas.
The correspondence of James W. Lee, II is of the most interest because
he was in Germany from 1933 to 1934 to assess the German situation for
Lee's work for I. G. Farben Industries. He was rather frank when writing
to his mother about Nazi Germany but he did not include much information
on I. G. Farben. A letter of November 15, 1933 from Lee to James
illustrates his thoughts on the work for I. G. Farben Industries. There
is also correspondence from James on a trip he took to Chile as part of
a delegation to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the first
shipment of Chilean Nitrate of Soda (an Ivy Lee & Associates account) to
the United States.

 Condolences, 1934 [Boxes 14-15]

These letters express sympathy to Cornelia Lee and her sons at the death
of Ivy Lee in November of 1934. Included is a listing of all letters
received.

 Diaries, 1893-1906 (arranged chronologically) [Boxes 15-16]

The diaries are generally concerned with day to day activities starting
from the hour he arose and are not of Lee's thoughts. The diary from
1895 to 1898 gives the researcher a sense of what it was like for Lee to
attend Emory University and Princeton University especially in relation
to his extra-curricular activities. The journal from Europe in 1905 was
written expressly for Cornelia Lee to be given on his return. Included
in it are memorabilia and descriptions of his day to day travels.

 Manuscripts, 1930, 1933 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 16-17]

Ivy Lee had an interest in Gothic cathedrals from his first trip to
Europe in 1905. He contracted with Orton Tewson in 1933 to begin
compiling a book on Gothic architecture using Lee's many books and notes
on the subject but the project was never completed. In 1930 Lee
attempted to create a memorabilia book with the aid of his office staff
but the project was also never completed. The manuscript consists of a
collection of clippings on Lee and his activities throughout his
professional life.

 Biographical, 1923-1970 [Box 17]

Lee was concerned with publicity for himself as much as for his clients.
He had his office write up a number of biographical sketches on him and
would reprint favorable articles on himself for interested individuals.
Many of the biographies are rather short and repetitive. Included in
this sub-series is an interview with Ivy Lee, Jr. concerning his father
and a masters thesis on Lee, Ivy Lee: Founder of the Public Relations
Concept. The researcher may also want to consult various Princeton
University senior theses on Lee, listed on page 9.

   Memorabilia, 1907-1985 (arranged alphabetically) [Box 18]

This sub-series contains a variety of materials that reflect on Lee's
life. Lee planned a trip with his family and a few friends across the
country by rail in the summer of 1926 saving the itinerary and many
newsclippings of the trip collected over the journey. "The Trip Over the
Harriman Lines" volume from 1907 contains letters of introduction,
itineraries, and rail passes along with various souvenirs collected
during the journey.

 Family Members, 1894-1935 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 18-19]

This sub-series contains material relating to Ivy Lee's immediate
family. Alice Lee kept a diary of her trip to Egypt in 1926 for her
family's benefit. She writes long descriptive passages on all she sees.
Included are some letters of Cornelia Lee written when she was a child
to her friend Grace Newton. Cornelia Lee saved information on her
fathers death in 1894 providing the researcher with information on the
Bigelow family.

Information related to Rev. James W. Lee consists of some miscellaneous
correspondence with Ivy Lee's business partner George Parker and a
manuscript Rev. Lee never completed titled "A Call to American
Churches." The letters of condolence were written to Emma Eufaula Lee
and Ivy Lee, included in this folder are remarks made at Rev. Lee's
funeral.

James W. Lee II's materials gives a first hand account of the first two
years of Nazi Germany. James kept a diary while living in Berlin in
which he recounts many of his daily activities but also talks about
various Nazi rallies and the notables who were present. The August 27,
1933 entry has a long description of a Nazi rally in East Prussia. His
memoranda and correspondence to the office in New York also discuss
various aspects of the Nazi regime including one where he gives short
descriptions of Nazi personalities. The researcher may also want to
consult the Visual Materials series for photographs taken by James while
in Germany.

The correspondence between James and Ivy, Jr. gives some insight into
their relationship with other members of the staff while working at Ivy
Lee & Associates. One of Ivy Lee, Jr.'s first responsibilities as a
member of the firm Ivy Lee & Associates was to prepare a report on the
1933 World's Fair in Chicago.

 Series VI - Printed, 1858-1989 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 19-26]

This series documents printed material on Ivy Lee's professional career
in addition to some printed material by or about Rev. James W. Lee.
Books published by Lee are not included in the collection.

 Articles, 1914-1989 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 19-20]

This sub-series contains any long descriptive articles from newspapers
and magazines across the country written about Lee, collected by Lee or
the family arranged alphabetically by author. Since Ray Heibert wrote a
substantial amount of material on Lee this has been separated into its
own folder, including book reviews Of Heibert's biography of Lee,
Courtier to the Crowd.

 Memorabilia, 1895-1965 (arranged alphabetically) [Box 20]

The memorabilia consists of awards and citations, Lee's Emory College
yearbook, and clippings from Ivy Lee day in Cedartown, Georgia (October
6, 1965). The material concerning the Pennsylvania Railroad consists of
invitations, menus, railroad passes and the like.

 Newsclippings, 1893-1958 (arranged chronologically) [Boxes 20-25]

The newsclippings span Lee's college days to 1958 when Nelson
Rockefeller was elected governor of New York state. Lee was featured in
many of these articles as the figure who changed the image of the
Rockefeller family. The newsclippings where collected by Lee and his
family from around the country. The newsclippings are smaller pieces
that do not feature Lee as prominently as the articles but all contain
at least a reference to Lee. The newsclippings chronicle all of Lee's
professional career. Some are separated into folders containing just one
important topic such as Lee's appointment to the personal staff of John
D. Rockefeller, Sr., or the publication of a book authored by Lee.
Though an attempt has been made to remove duplicate material some may
still be included especially when the source was a national wire service
release.

 Writings, 1905-1934 (arranged chronologically) [Box 25]

This sub-series includes printed material other than books written by
Lee. The majority of the miscellaneous articles deal with the railroads
but also included are articles on American Red Cross work, public
relations, Russia, and other areas of interest for Lee or his clients.
"The Problem of International Propaganda" (1934) was a showcase for
Lee's views on how to help promote world peace. "Publicity: Some of the
Things It Is and Is Not," is a series of addresses delivered in 1924
explaining the difference between news and advertising in addition to
other concerns of a public relations practitioner. Lee wrote a column
entitled "American Notes of the Week" discussing United States current
affairs in digest form for the Spectator an English magazine from April
1929 to July 1930. Printed writings Lee did as a journalist are included
in the oversize series. Many speeches, though printed, are included in
the speeches sub-series.

 Rev. James W. Lee, 1893-1919 [Box 26]

This sub-series includes articles, manuscripts and newsclippings
concerning Rev. James W. Lee. This is a good source of information to
explore the professional life of Rev. Lee. Much of the newsclippings
were collected in a scrapbook by Ivy Lee. Also included are various
pamphlets, generally on religious matters, written by Rev. Lee.

 Series VII - Ivy Lee and Associates, 1910-1946 [Boxes 27-30]

This series includes material from the firm Ivy Lee and Associates. The
bulk of this series is the Matter Sent Out volumes, which were bound
volumes that have been disbound for preservation reasons, that contain
all the material that was distributed by the public relations firm. Some
of the material was produced in-house while others were produced by the
client and then distributed by Ivy Lee & Associates. There is no method
to ascertain what materials were produced in-house. The Matter Sent Out
material spans the years 1915 through 1946 but the majority of the
material runs from the early 1920s to 1946.



 Office Matters, 1921-1946 (arranged alphabetically) [Box 27]

This sub-series contains miscellaneous materials concerning the running
of Ivy Lee & Associates. In 1921 Lee explored the possibility of opening
up an Advertising Agency to work in conjunction with the public
relations firm. The Advisory Board file (1927) contains letters and
information used to consider creating a board to meet and discuss
various problems of the Lee firm. Also contained in this sub-series are
speeches by various members of the firm other than Lee. The Firm History
file contains bits and pieces of information concerning major changes in
the firm. The Office Conference file contains important information on a
new change of direction for Ivy Lee and the firm. As of January 1927 Lee
planned to "divorce" himself from the public relations work of the
office to devote his time to "thinking out problems of policy and
helping our clients to do the things which if done will provoke a
favorable public reaction." This file includes a speech by Lee to the
firm addressing his reasoning behind the decision and an overview of his
previous public relations work. The Notes by Staff Members includes
material on public utilities, labor, and capitalism. The Office Manual
of 1921 describes how business is to be properly conducted including
organizational charts portraying who is in charge of which accounts and
what types of letterhead are to be used in various situations.

The sub-series includes material pertaining to the firm after Lee's
death, including the partnership agreement of the remaining members of
the firm signed in January of 1935 and material concerning the name
change to T. J. Ross & Associates in 1961. "Public Opinion Trends" from
October 1944 to March 1946 was issued occasionally by the firm offering
a summary of various public opinion polls on miscellaneous topics from
elections to financial and social matters.



 Client Files, 1910-1942 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 27-28]

The Client Files contain a variety of material on various clients that
were not sent out as public relations material. This sub-series is
relatively small and does not provide adequate representation of all of
Lee's clients. The Amtorg Trading Co. (a company doing business in the
Soviet Union) file contains a memorandum from Lee on "the present
attitude of American public sentiment toward the Russian government."
Many of the files contain memoranda concerning publicity options for
various companies these include Anaconda Copper Co., and the Association
of Railroad Executives Files. The Colorado Fuel and Iron Co. file
contains selected transcripts that make reference to Lee from the U.S.
Congress, Senate, Commission on Industrial Relations hearings on
publicity for the mine operators. The Eastern Presidents Conference file
presents a summary of work performed for that organization. Investment
Banking Memoranda is a public relations plan to improve the image of
banks as a result of the depression. All the publicity material done by
Lee for the New York mayoral campaign of John P. O'Brien is included in
this sub-series. Lee wrote many speeches and statements for the mayor to
use in the campaign. The United States - French Financial News Agency
was a company set up by Lee to help expedite publicity for a loan to
France waiting authorization by the French government.

 Printed materials, 1991-1933 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes 28-29]

This sub-series contains miscellaneous material printed by Ivy Lee &
Associates. The researcher will find various publications issued by the
firm including; Notes and Clippings, and Public Relations. These
publications presented Lee's views on various matters while also
highlighting concerns of many of his clients. The publications were sent
to his many acquaintances and clients as a method of public relations
for the firm. These publications along with later ones in the oversize
series (Information) and the memoranda are a good way for the researcher
to understand what interested Lee at any given time. Included in the
miscellaneous folder are various publications, written by others but put
out in the public interest by the firm such as the "Occasional Papers"
series.

The Memoranda have been separated in subject categories and are an
excellent source for ascertaining Lee's views on various issues. Lee
made a habit of writing and printing memoranda on a wide variety of
subjects. While the speeches give a good description of how Lee saw the
railroad situation, many of the memoranda were written in later years
and portray a greater range of subject matter including a few focusing
on client concerns. Lee went as a representative of the National
Automobile Chamber of Commerce to an appointment with President Franklin
D. Roosevelt where he articulated many of the concerns of the automotive
industry. The other memoranda deal with a variety of issues; looking at
the folder listing will gives the researcher an overview of all the sub
jects covered from financial matters to the railroads.



 Matter Sent Out (MSO), 1914-1946 (arranged alphabetically) [Boxes
29-118]

This is the largest sub-series and encompasses all the public relations
material that Ivy Lee and Associates made available to the press and
other interested individuals for its varied clients. In the letter of
gift T. J. Ross states that the MSO material was "produced by him [Ivy
Lee] or under his direction, as well as those representing an extension
of his life's work." This series does not represent a comprehensive list
of all of Lee's clients since he may have only been a consultant and
advisor for many companies and did not distribute materials to news
organizations. The MSO material represents quite a variety of materials.
Much of it is typed sheets of information sent to major newspapers to be
printed as news and was not meant as advertising copy, although some
companies do have advertising material in the collection. Many of these
were composed at the last minute in relation to such crises, as
accidents, strikes, company buyouts, and congressional investigations.
Also included are many speeches of important individuals, many of these
were distributed in full or part to area news organizations. Many of
these were written by Lee, or with his help and expertise. The printed
material includes annual reports, advertisements, speeches, and
informational pamphlets.

Originally the firm pasted the material on manila sheets and bound these
chronologically. The material has been disbound and arranged in
alphabetical order by company, individual, or organization name. When
the material for a company comprised more than one folder, in many cases
the printed matter was separated into its own folder, proceeding the
miscellaneous material. Some routine material was selectively discarded
such as quarterly dividend statements but substantive matter dealing
with client image was saved. Items dealing with an individual wedding or
death were also discarded since they did not represent the majority of
the public relations work done by the firm. Included is one folder of
miscellaneous MSOs, compromising only one item for these companies and
it is arranged alphabetically within the folder.

Since this sub-series comprises 87 boxes explaining in detail the
contents of each box would be too time consuming and tedious. For
descriptive purposes I have grouped together companies doing the same
type of business, some of the smaller companies and organizations are
not noted at all in the description that follows. Therefore, if the
researcher is only interested in Ivy Lee's work for the railroads one
can read through that section. A researcher interested in one specific
company should go directly to the folder listing to request boxes of
interest. The researcher will also want to examine the oversize
materials and photographs series to make sure there is not information
on a client in these series. The first use of a company or organization
name has been highlighted making it easier for the researcher to
identify an area of interest. The dates given after in parentheses
represent the span of years for the public relations material in the Ivy
Lee Papers and not necessarily the years that the company or organ
ization was in existence.

Lee was a proponent of trade industry associations believing that
cooperative effort would help improve production and expand markets.
Many of the clients represented in this sub-series were trade
associations created with Lee's urging. The Cotton Textile Institute,
American Petroleum Institute, the Copper and Brass Research Association,
Eastern Presidents Conference, Association of Railroad Executives,
Anthracite Operators, and the National Board of Fire Underwriters are
among the associates represented. For descriptions of the these holdings
please see the subject groupings they fall into.

The subject groupings are:



Miscellaneous
Entertainment Industry
Financial Interests
Food Producers
Natural Resources (including coal, petroleum, and minerals)
Non-Profit Organizations
Public Utilities
Rockefeller Interests (including family information and non-profit work)
Transportation (including railroads, subways, ships, and automobiles)

 MISCELLANEOUS

This sub-series contains the public relations output for a variety of
Ivy Lee & Associates clients that do not fit into the other
classifications. Description for only the larger companies has been
printed. The miscellaneous descriptions are arranged in alphabetical
order by company name.

Allied Liquor Industries Inc. (1941-1946) was an organization composed
of principal distillers, importers, rectifiers, and whiskey brokers
founded in 1941. The aim of Allied was to support public relations
activities of the liquor industry as a whole. Their main worry was to
prevent the enactment of prohibition laws during war time and to help
the industry cooperate with the government during war. The majority of
the miscellaneous MSO material consists of speeches, minutes, press
releases, polling information on prohibition, and statistical reviews of
liquor sales. The printed material consists of newsclippings, and
informational pamphlets. Newsletters were put out weekly to keep members
up to date on issues affecting the industry such as legislation. In 1943
Allied created a Women's Bureau to promote the cause of moderation as
opposed to prohibition. Women Today was put out weekly by the Women's
Bureau consisting of chatty articles on current events and providing
information on all subjects, not just on the liquor industry. Licensed
Beverage Industries (1946) was formed by a merger of Allied and the
Conference of Alcoholic Beverage Industries. This organization was a
nationwide community relations organization formed "to merit and
maintain favorable public opinion." The MSOs document its first public
relations activity, "Clean-Up-For-Good-Will," to convince liquor
retailers to maintain attractive establishments.

The American Tobacco Company (1928-1943) was the producer of Lucky
Strike cigarettes. The American Cigar Company was a subsidiary that
produced Cremo Cigars. The miscellaneous MSO material consists of press
releases on the health benefits of smoking, facts on the tobacco
industry, taxes paid by the industry, information on exports, sales
figures, statistics especially on women's smoking habits, and
stockholder information. The printed material consists of annual
reports, stockholder information, public relations pamphlets, newspapers
articles, and advertisements.

Bethlehem Steel Company (1916-1930) was one of Ivy Lee's first major
clients. Lee was called in to help advise and create public relations
material concerning the production of armor plate used in the building
of war vessels. Believing that United States entry into the war was in
evitable, the company had invested a good deal of money into building
new facilities. Around the same time Congress passed a bill authorizing
the government to build an armor plate facility. Ivy Lee orchestrated a
large public relations campaign to halt the government plant as a waste
of taxpayer money. The MSO's from this period contain press releases and
speeches by Charles Schwab and Eugene Grace, Bethlehem Steel leaders.
After the war the Bethlehem Steel public relations material illustrates
the peace time industries of the company in an attempt to help raise
capital. The post war material contains press releases concerning
construction and plant information, speeches, financial and stockholder
information, and information on "The Bethlehem Plan," a company
-sponsored plan for employee representation designed to preclude
organization of a union. The printed MSOs cover the same topics as the
miscellaneous MSOs. The Bethlehem Review was a bulletin of news for the
employees of the company.

The Cotton Textile Institute (1926-1931) was founded in 1926 in part
through the urging of Lee. The Institute was an association of cotton
manufacturers who came together "to promote the progress and development
of the cotton industry." Contained within the MSO material are press
releases discussing the increased use of cotton in textiles especially
for clothing, information and news, new uses of cotton along with the
erosion of old uses, and merchandising material. Many of the MSOs are
related to the use of cotton in the fashion industry. The printed MSOs
contain articles, addresses, annual reports, pamphlets on fashion and
new uses of cotton. The Association of Cotton Merchants of New York
 (1926-1930) contains the same type of information found in the
Institute files. Also included are sales figures and a lot of material
on fashions.

The Harmon National Real Estate Development Corporation (1926-1927) was
a builder and seller of suburban tract housing mostly in the New York
Metropolitan area. The MSO material was used to encourage buyers
proclaiming the wonders of home ownership. The Harmon Review was sent to
customers monthly, giving them news on the activities of the
corporation.

The National Board of Fire Underwriters (1943-1946) includes public
relations material responding to charges that underwriters acted as a
monopoly. The press releases consist of news to members, information on
a Department of Justice anti-trust investigation and the government laws
proposed in relation to the investigation, as well as speeches. In
addition there is information on two radio news shows underwritten by
the Board giving schedules for the shows and commercial information. The
printed material covers the same subject matter as the miscellaneous
MSOs plus information on fire prevention.

The material for the Western Union Telegraph Company (1939-1946)
includes stockholder information, speeches of the president, company
history, and press releases on the purchase of the Postal Telegraph
Company in 1943. The printed material consists of annual reports and
agreements with the union.

The Wickwire Steel Company (1941-1946) materials are all printed
consisting of information on the war products produced by the company
and many advertisements. The researcher will also want to consult the
oversize folder for Wickwire.

 ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY

The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)
 (1932-1934) hired the Lee firm during the early 1930s. The firm created
publicity to provide a better public image for ASCAP to counteract a
suit brought by broadcasters, alleging that the royalties ASCAP demanded
were too high. The material for Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
 (1930-1946) was mostly created by the firm after Ivy Lee's death. The
material contains miscellaneous press releases giving information to
stockholders and on various broadcast procedures. The majority of
material is printed. The miscellaneous printed material consists of
annual reports, pamphlets and brochures generally on radio and two
serial publications. Talks was a quarterly digest of the more thoughtful
speeches broadcast over the CBS network. Listen contains reprints from
CBS advertisements where the material was culled from various
publications about CBS programs and shows. Marine Studios (1937-1939)
was an aquarium built in Florida for tourists to view all types of ocean
life. The firm did publicity during building and immediately after to
attract tourists to what was the largest aquarium of its time. The
researcher will also want to consult the visual materials series since
much of the publicity was visual. One folder of material is available
for United Artists, the National Association of Broadcasters and Muzak
Inc.
--[cont]--
Aloha, He'Ping,
Om, Shalom, Salaam.
Em Hotep, Peace Be,
Omnia Bona Bonis,
All My Relations.
Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
Amen.
Roads End
Kris

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