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From:

http://dallasnews.com/texas_southwest/23926_WACO29.html

FBI cameras at Waco same as ones used by British military, expert
says

01/29/2000

By Lee Hancock / The Dallas Morning News

A British military expert said Friday that infrared cameras
identical to those used by the FBI in the Branch Davidian siege
have been used regularly by British military forces to identify
and record gunfire.

His comments came as U.S. officials were completing negotiations
for the use of a British Royal Navy helicopter and infrared
camera for a test in Texas aimed at determining whether
government agents fired guns at the Branch Davidian compound on
April 19, 1993.

Paul Beaver, a former military pilot who is now an analyst and
spokesman for Jane's Information Group, said he has participated
in British military operations in which such airborne
forward-looking-infrared or FLIR cameras detected and recorded
distinctive flashes or thermal signatures of gunfire.

"We were doing similar operations in Northern Ireland. You're
looking for just that," said Mr. Beaver, who has worked
extensively with infrared technology during a 10-year military
career and two decades as a defense analyst and writer for
Jane's. The British company is among the world's leading
authorities on military technology.

"I have personally been in a situation where I've seen gunfire,
using the GEC-Marconi system," he said. "In a firefight
situation, it's very, very useful to detect where the enemy is."

FBI officials have refused to reveal the make or manufacturer of
the airborne infrared camera used at the Branch Davidian compound
during the siege. They have said the information is classified
because even the most general details about their infrared
surveillance systems could compromise U.S. law enforcement
operations.

But independent infrared experts have identified the FBI's Waco
camera as a GEC-Marconi made by a British defense firm.

Officials confirmed earlier this month that assistants to Waco
special counsel John Danforth traveled to London earlier this
month with FBI lawyers to negotiate for the use of a military
camera for the court-supervised field test.

Mr. Danforth's office has declined to comment on the matter.

But Mike Caddell, an attorney for the sect, said Friday that a
camera "identical in all material respects to the FBI's 1993
FLIR" has been located for the test.

He declined to say where the camera has been located but
confirmed that it is mounted on a military helicopter that a
foreign government has agreed to lend the United States in March.

"There is one obstacle: transportation. The cost of getting it
here could run into hundreds of thousands of dollars," he said.

Mr. Beaver said he learned earlier this week from British defense
ministry officials that the camera is mounted on a Royal Navy
helicopter, and the British government has indicated its
willingness to lend the aircraft and its crew to U.S. officials.
The aircraft does not have the range needed for the
trans-Atlantic flight and would have to be transported in a cargo
plane.

"They have put a request in to the U.K. government," he said. "It
could be easily sent over on one of your military cargo planes."

The effort to obtain an FLIR camera similar to the one deployed
by the FBI in Waco came after Mr. Danforth persuaded U.S.
District Judge Walter Smith to order a test last fall. Judge
Smith is presiding over a wrongful-death lawsuit brought by
surviving sect members and families of the more than 80 people
who died in the Waco tragedy.

The Waco special counsel sought court intervention Nov. 5 after
FBI officials offered a private "accurate re-creation" for Mr.
Danforth's investigators even as Justice Department lawyers
scoffed at proposals by the Branch Davidians' lawyers for a joint
public test.

The Branch Davidians' lawsuit alleges that repeated bursts of
white light captured by the FBI's infrared camera in the last
hours of an FBI tank and tear gas assault were muzzle blasts from
government guns. The suit contends that gunfire kept innocent
women and children from escaping a fire that consumed the
compound within little more than an hour after the flashes first
appeared.

U.S. officials deny that government personnel fired guns that day
or that the FBI's camera could have recorded thermal images of
gunfire.  Government-retained infrared experts have said they
believe that the Waco camera was too far away to record the tiny
thermal blips that would have been generated by gunshots on the
ground.

Those experts and the FBI's FLIR operators have said they believe
that the flashes that appear on the bureau's infrared videotape
from April 19 were caused by electronic glitches in the camera or
by the "glint" of sunlight reflecting off ground debris.

But former U.S. Defense Department scientists hired by the Branch
Davidians' lawyers and some independent analysts have said that
the repeated, rhythmic flashes on the video could only have been
caused by gunfire. A scientist retained by the House Government
Reform Committee echoed that assessment last fall.

And lawyers for the sect have noted that the FBI's agents most
experienced in infrared operations have said in recent
depositions that they have never seen anything like the flashes
recorded by their camera on the last day of the siege.

Justice Department officials initially tried to convince Judge
Smith that it would be impossible to conduct a scientifically
valid field test to determine whether gunfire could have caused
the flashes.

They and FBI officials said the Waco camera was one of a kind and
had been altered and upgraded after 1993. But after December
negotiations, the special counsel's office announced that it had
learned from the camera's manufacturer that identical cameras
were still being used by a foreign government.

Mr. Danforth then notified the Waco court in a late December
filing that the Justice Department had dropped its challenge to
the field test and agreed that a British infrared firm selected
by the special counsel could serve as a court-appointed test
supervisor.

Mr. Beaver examined excerpts from the April 19 video for the CBS
News program 60 Minutes II and concluded that the flashes on it
were from gunfire.

The show's segment aired Tuesday. It included footage from a test
recording that Mr. Beaver made with a British infrared camera
similar to the FBI's Waco device and a CAR-15 assault rifle like
those carried by members of the FBI's hostage rescue team in
Waco.

Some analysts say that bursts of automatic fire from those
weapons would be particularly prone to show up well on infrared
recordings because their short barrels produce a far longer blast
than other assault weapons such as M-16s.

"It's quite straightforward. It's shooting," Mr. Beaver said of
the rhythmic flashes on the FBI's April 19 infrared video.

He disputed arguments by FBI officials and some
government-retained experts that the flashes could not be gunfire
because no thermal images of gunmen were visible. FBI officials
have said their agents wore only fire-retardant Nomex flight
suits during the tank attack.

But Mr. Beaver said that gunmen would be hard to detect with
infrared cameras if they were wearing Kevlar, a protective fabric
commonly used in police and military body armor.

"They've also got kits [clothing] so they don't stand out. If
they thought the Davidians had thermal imaging capabilities, they
would have some sort of protection against detection," he said.
"We're talking about some very sophisticated law enforcement."


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