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Click Here: <A HREF="http://www.sheftin.com/RRRNews/">Readren's Report</A>
-----
All The Gore (Part 1): A Little Background
This Expose' is the first of six installments. When presented in it's
entirety, the full picture of how Financial Leaders and Politicians use
NoN-Profit Organizations to further line their pockets. This Report will name
the corrupt Politicians, Financial Leaders, and Orginization Leaders. It will
provide documentation to substantiate the report. And finally, this report
will provide bank names and account numbers of where the illegal gotten
monies were deposited.  There will be nothing left to question.
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Intervention in Haiti</A>
-----
On The Net

All The Gore
(Part 1)

Research Notes for the Serious Investigator

Follow the Money



Democracy Enhancement  refers to collaborative, systematic efforts by an
array of
U.S. government agencies to further U.S. political and economic interests in
poor
countries -- regardless of grossly negative impact on the poor majorities in
those countries --  under the banner of building democracy.  Democracy
"enhancement" is more properly termed democracy intervention.

The primary agencies openly involved in democracy intervention are the Nationa
l
Endowment for Democracy (NED), the Agency for International Development (AID)
and
U.S. Information Agency (USIA), working in concert with the National Security
Council, the State Department, the CIA, and a complex network of organizations
clustered around NED.

Promotional materials describe NED as "a private nonprofit organization
created
in 1983 to strengthen democratic institutions around the world through
nongovernmental efforts."  NED is not a nongovernmental organization: it was
established by USIA and receives 99% of its funding from the U.S. government.
Its "private" facade, however, means it is not subject to Congressional
oversight.  NED might be termed "the group that took the 'C' out of covert
interference in foreign elections" .... its first president stated, "A lot of
what we do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA."  (The CIA's first
covert operation was interference in Italy's elections in the late 1940s.)

AID is commonly perceived as a nonpolitical, benevolent, international
assistance
agency which provides foreign aid to poor countries and helps them learn from
the
United States' superior economic, technological and agricultural power.  This
perception is inaccurate.  First,  "foreign aid" money goes largely into
American
pockets, funding American-owned businesses and U.S. agencies rather than
directly
benefiting poor people in foreign countries.  Second, AID is anything but
nonpolitical: its own mission statement defines it as a foreign affairs
agency of
the U.S. government committed to "continued American economic and moral
leadership."  Third, many foreign "nongovernmental organizations" (NGOs) which
receive AID and NED funding are not nongovernmental at all: they are founded
--
sometimes openly, sometimes covertly -- and controlled by U.S. government
funds.

Finally, the key U.S. "private voluntary organizations" (PVOs) involved in
democracy enhancement clearly have conservative and right-wing political
agendas,
not charitable or development agendas, behind their bipartisan masks.  Many
also
have histories of active involvement in covert political activities in
Nicaragua,
El Salvador and elsewhere.

The complex flow of funds among AID, NED and USIA defies analysis.  It is
quite
clear, however, that these monies are U.S. taxpayer dollars serving to
undermine
genuine democracy in poor countries.  The kind of "democracy" sought is not
that
which reflects self-determination, popular participation, or the interests of
the
poor majorities in Third World countries.

The Democracy Enhancement Project in Haiti In May 1991, AID received
Congressional authorization to spend $24.4 million on a four-year Democracy
Enhancement Project in Haiti.  The following month, AID invited ten U.S.
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to apply for AID  funding to carry out
certain functions of the project.  Washington Office on Haiti first summarized
the AID Invitation for Application and its several attachments in July 1991.
While various amendments have been made since then, the original documents
define
the purposes and structures of current "democracy" activities in Haiti.

Following this introduction, this report contains five sections:

Section 1  Summary of AID Democracy Enhancement Project

Section 2  Summary of AID Post-Coup Status Report to Congress

Section 3  Summary of AID September 1993 Status Report ("Democracy Factsheet")

Section 4  Background on Key U.S. PVOs (NGOs)

Section 5 Attachments:  The Democracy Offensive (Resource Center, Fall 1989)
Freedom of Information Act sheet AID Project Paper (#521-0236), June 1991

Sections 1 through 3 are based on  the original AID documents, and passages
appearing in quotes are AID's own language.   While the original set of
documents
was too lengthy (over 100 pages) to reproduce here, a copy of AID's overall
summary entitled "Democracy Enhancement Project (521-0236) Project Paper" is
provided in Section 5.

Section 4 presents brief background summaries on America's Development
Foundation, Delphi International, the Institut International d' Haiti de la
Recherche et du Developpment (Haitian Institute for Research and Development,
or
IHRED), Projet Integre pour le Renforcement de la Democratie en Haiti (PIRED),
the American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD), the Center for
Democracy (CFD), the Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI), the International
Republican Institute (IRI, formerly known as NRI) and National Democratic
Institute (NDI), and the United States Information Agency (USIA, known abroad
as
the U.S. Information Service, USIS).  With the exception of IHRED and PIRED,
both
created by America's Development Foundation, all these groups have been
involved
in democracy intervention in numerous countries.  IHRED and PIRED work only in
Haiti.

Basic terminology regarding all these groups is problematic in two ways.
First,
the U.S. uses the term Private Voluntary Organization (PVO) to refer to the
kind
of groups known virtually everywhere else as Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs).  Both terms mean, in essence, organizations which are neither
government
nor business entities, which are designed to serve the public interest or some
humanitarian purpose, which are charitable in nature, and which are
incorporated
as non-profit tax-exempt organizations.  Independence from government is a
primary feature.  Since the U.S. is only one of many countries with such
organizations, a democratic spirit would suggest use of the term NGO to refer
to
such groups.

A second issue is more important.  An organization which is founded and
funded by
part of a government is by definition not a non-governmental organization.
Democracy intervention depends on two kinds of these non-NGOs, U.S. and
foreign.
The common characteristics of such organizations include:

*Their government identity is almost universally unrecognized by the U.S.
public,
which accepts the "private" label at face value.

*Their government identity is often unrecognized by other, genuinely
nongovernmental NGOs in the U.S., and may be unrecognized by other parts of
the
same government (e.g., Congress).

*Their government identity is probably unrecognized by many of their own
employees.

*Their government identity is often unrecognized by the public, genuine NGOs
and
in some cases probably the governments of the foreign countries in which they
operate.

*Their government identity is quite fully recognized by U.S. intelligence and
other agencies involved in covert manipulation of political, economic and
social
systems in Third World countries.

The process by which such groups carry out democracy intervention objectives
--
imposition of U.S. political and economic interests on poor countries under
the
guise of "building democracy" --  is simple enough:

Step 1  Found a group in a Third World country which appears to be an
independent, charitable organization in that county -- an NGO -- but which is
actually organized by or on behalf of a U.S. government agency (e.g., AID,
USIA,
CIA).  (Alternatively, an existing public service group which was actually
begun
by private citizens in that country can be taken over, its institutional face
remaining the same but its locus of control and real purposes changed.)

Step 2  Also found a group in the U.S. which appears to be an independent,
charitable organization designed to help developing countries in some way --
an
NGO -- but which is actually organized by or on behalf of a U.S. government
agency.  (Alternatively, use one of the many such groups already in
existence.)

Step 3  The Third World group applies to the U.S. group for support -- and
gets
it.  Now it looks like everybody involved is an NGO, when in fact nobody is.

Often, the interlocking network of funders and grantees makes tracing the
flow of
U.S. tax dollars almost impossible: AID makes grants to -- and receives grants
from -- NED, USIA and the non-NGO NGOs -- and vice versa.  It is clear,
however,
that "democracy" projects which undermine genuine democracy in other countries
undermine genuine democracy in the United States as well.

Abbreviations


ADF  America's Development Foundation

AID  U.S. Agency for International Development (also known as USAID)

AFT  American Federation of Teachers

AIFLD  American Institute for Free Labor Development

AHJ  Association of Haitian Journalists

CASEC  Communal councils designated by Haiti's 1987 Constitution to replace
the
all-powerful rural sheriffs known as Section Chiefs

CDRH  Human Resources Development Center, founded by an AID NGO in 1985

CEP  Conseil Electoral Permanent (Permanent Electoral Council)

CHADEL  Haitian Center for Human Rights, founded in New York in 1983;
founder/director became coup regime's first prime minister

EIL  Experiment in International Living

FHAH  Haitian Federation for Aid to Women

FINCA  Foundation for International Community Assis-tance, an AID NGO which
does
village banking

FOS  Federation of Trade Union Workers, a conserva-tive union accepted by
Duvalier; AIFLD pays rent, electricity and salaries

FTUI  Free Trade Union Institute

GOH  Government of Haiti

HAVA  Haitian Association of Voluntary Agencies

IHRED  Institut International d' Haiti de la Recherche et du Developpment
(Haitian Institute for Research and Development)

NDI  National Democratic Institute

NED  National Endowment for Democracy

NGO  Nongovernmental Organization (same as PVO)

NRI  National Republical Institute (currently known as International
Republican
Institute, IRI)

OGITH  General Organization of Haitian Workers, a conservative union
supported
by AIFLD

PADF  Pan American Development Foundation

PIRED  Projet Integre pour le Renforcement de la Democratie in Haiti

PVO  Private Voluntary Organization (same as NGO)

UMU  Umbrella Management Unit

USG  U.S. Government

USIA  United States Information Agency (known abroad as United States
Information
Service, USIS)


1.  Summary of AID Democracy Enhancement Project

Groups Invited to Apply for AID Democracy Enhancement Funds

The organizations originally invited to apply included America's Development
Foundation (ADF), Coordination in Development (CODEL), Delphi International
Group, Experiment in International Living (EIL), Foundation for International
Community Assistance (FINCA), National Association of the Partners of the
Americas, Pan American Development Foundation (PADF), Planning Assistance
Inc.,
Private Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT), and Save the Children.

Application materials stressed the importance of speedy start-up for the
Democracy Enhancement Project.  Final proposals were required to be submitted
to
AID in Haiti by July 31, 1991 and grants were awarded a month later.  Martin
Napper and Patricia Smith were named as the Haiti AID Grant Officer and US
Project Manager, respectively.  The AID Invitation for Application
(HAI-IA-002)
stated that funding levels, participating organizations and areas of emphasis
would be reassessed annually and might change in response to changes in the
political and social situation in Haiti.  The project could also be extended
for
a fifth or sixth year.

Not all ten groups submitted an application.  At least one group decided not
to
apply, citing  insufficient collaboration with the Haitian government on AID's
part.  Reportedly, ADF and Delphi, each leading a consortium of other groups,
submitted successful proposals.  ADF was awarded at least $4 million total,
with
subcontracts to EIL and Datex, a management firm which has been supplying
consultants to AID in Port-au-Prince for some years.   Delphi's grant total is
unknown, but it has been said to be subcontracting parts of its work to Pan
American Development Foundation and Partners of the Americas.  In 1991, the
Delphi group reportedly planned to call itself Pwoje Patisipasyon.  Also, the
Consortium for Legislative Development was to receive money via "a buy-in" for
the National Assembly component of the project.


AID's Stated Goals and Caveats

The AID Democracy Enhancement Project (#521-0236) claimed to be designed "to
strengthen legislative and other constitutional structures, ... local
governments, [and] ... independent organizations which foster democratic
values
and participation in democratic decision making." Project activities focused
on
five target groups, including both houses of the National Assembly, political
parties, the CEP, the NGO's, and local government.

The project represents AID's primary effort to promote US policy toward Haiti
in
a "flexible" and "activist" fashion.  Materials stated that Democracy
Enhancement
is aimed less at increasing the degree of awareness of democratic principles
and
more at increasing "the number and types of institutions that can channel
constructive competition into pluralistic endeavors."  AID planned to achieve
this goal both by giving various kinds of support to AID/USIS-selected groups
and
parties already existing and by creating, training and supporting new groups.

The need for "sensitivity" to "avoid anti-American backlash" was stressed
repeatedly, as was the need for discreet, intensive and timely collaboration
among the US groups carrying out the project.  AID noted that "at the same
time,
we must not be timid in the pursuit of key foreign policy objectives which our
project is designed to serve.  AID must seek to rebuild relationships with the
executive it had officially not supported until recently, and to create new
relationships with the new legislature.  The process will require sensitivity
on
the part of all concerned."

AID noted that those involved "must act quickly and in relative harmony to
sustain what has been gained [since the 1990 elections].  This must also be
accomplished within the atmosphere of strong nationalism, to avoid any sense
of a
donor or interest group being disruptive to what the rhetoric describes as
'the
will of the people.'  Change in the form of new programs and/or new structures
must thus be sensitively undertaken, but soon."

AID also stressed the importance of maintaining appearances of a non-partisan
approach.  Project materials stated, "Given sensitivities, this paper will not
speculate on the political stance of the specific organizations discussed in
subsequent sections [HAVA, CDRH, IHRED, etc.].  During implementation,
however,
the Project Committee will need to inform itself as to the political stance
of an
institution prior to and during any contemplated activities."


AID's Background Assessment

AID was "satisfied" with Haiti's 1987 Constitution and "does not propose any
amendments or modifications" to the 1987 Constitution.  AID wrote that "the
absorptive capacity [of the National Assembly, CEP and local government
bodies]
is in question," and its analysis stated that most AID funding "is initially
targeted at strengthening participatory organizations, e.g., the political
parties and select organizations in the independent sector."  Political
parties
and labor unions were identified as "meriting particular attention" for
technical
assistance and training, particularly groups which "channel constructive
competition into more pluralistic endeavors."

Regarding political parties, AID said that "the ability of a party to identify
and nurture a broad base of constituents provides it the means to gain a
plurality in Haiti's single member legislative elections.  This will become
more
important in the 1992 and 1994 elections, which have no 'presidential
strongman'
to carry other candidates."

To avoid direct funding to political parties by AID, "assistance through the
intermediaries of NRI and NDI is indicated."


Umbrella Management Unit (UMU) Roles in Democracy Enhancement

The Umbrella Management Unit (UMU) component of AID's Democracy Enhancement
Project was to be carried out through Cooperative Agreements with the US NGO
consortiums led by ADF and Delphi.  The three elements include:

*Civil society development, consisting of sub-grants to 10 to 15 Haitian
independent sector organizations;

*Local government development, consisting of sub-grants to 2 to 3 Haitian
independent sector organizations and activities to link local government and
civil society interest groups;

*Institutional development, with emphasis on developing plans for
participating
independent sector organizations to sustain their programs without AID
funding.

The five Haitian organizations identified as "of interest to the UMU"
included:

1. CDRH (Human Resources Development Center), established by an AID grant to
a US
PVO in 1985 and now functioning a consulting firm focusing particularly on
grassroots groups and local-level training and projects.  CDRH has a staff of
about 40 in Haiti, and well over half its funding comes from USAID.

2. IHRED (Haitian Institute for Research and Development), established by NED
in
1985 [sic].  "IHRED is similar to CDRH but tends to work more at the level of
rural professionals and elites."  In addition to NED funds, IHRED received
about
$600,000 from AID between 1988 and early 1991, and now receives most of its
money
from AID.  IHRED has a fulltime staff of 25.

3. Celebration 2004 was founded in 1986 by "17 young diaspora Haitians ...
committed to positive and lasting change."  It does local level motivation and
training of mid-level professionals and leaders throughout Haiti and has
received
about $75,000 from AID through early 1991.  Celebration 2004 has no fulltime
salaried professional staff.

4. CHADEL (Haitian Center for Human Rights) has an annual budget of $120,000 -
$130,000 and a fulltime staff of 18.  [Note:  the Director of CHADEL became
the
first prime minister of the coup regime.]

5. AHJ (Association of Haitian Journalists) was founded in 1955 and has been
dominated by Duvalierists and a close association with the US Information
Service
(USIS) since its inception. It received $25,000 from AID for election
activities,
briefly operating a press center, but often has little money and no obvious
means
of ongoing financial support.

These (and possibly other) organizations could receive UMU funds for four
types
of Institutional /Civil Society Development activity, including:

Free and Independent Media:  AHJ could receive funding for journalists
identified
by USIS to be trained by consultants identified by USIS, and possibly for
short-term training in the US [emphasis added].  Training would focus on
professional development, standards and ethics.

Access to Justice:  A new and separate AID project ("Administration of
Justice")
was to begin in 1992 to fund Haitian organizations (e.g., CHADEL) "actively
involved in promoting individual's access to justice."

Debate on Democratic Issues:  "Think tank" organizations such as Centre
Petion-Bolivar and HAVA may receive funds to expand their conferences and
forums
to wider audiences or more topics.

Civic Education:  Membership organizations such as Celebration 2004 and the
Haitian Federation for Aid to Women (FHAH) may receive funds and other
assistance
to develop civic education materials "which promote democratic values and
attitudes."

Local Government Development activities were to involve AID providing funds to
CASECs and Municipal Councils as soon as possible, channeling the money
through
CDRH and IHRED.  AID planned continued monitoring of the situation for more
extensive support to other local government entities in the future.  CDRH and
IHRED were to offer training and consulting assistance to new local government
structures.  The UMU tasks in the Local Government Development part of the
Democracy Enhancement Project included:

* Developing and maintaining contacts with Haitian legislators and executive
branch personnel.

* Maintaining contacts with and knowledge of evolving local government
organizations (e.g., Association of Mayors).

* Working closely with CDRH and IHRED to develop, monitor and evaluate
training
programs for CASECs and Municipal Councils in line with a recent AID "needs
assessment" for Haiti.

* Providing information and advice to AID in determining needs for potential
short-term technical assistance in local government.

* Organizing activities which facilitate linkage between civil society and
local
government.


Other identified responsibilities of the UMU included maintaining close
contact
with other organizations working with other components of the Democracy
Enhancement Project, including the Consortium for Legislative Development, the
National Republican Institute (NRI), the National Democratic Institute (NDI),
the
Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI), and AID in Haiti.  UMU was to provide
advice
and assistance to AID Mission on the "evolution of its democracy initiative,"
including responding to information and consultation requests from AID's
Special
Development Activities staff.

Staffing of the UMU Component of Democracy Enhancement Project materials
called
for the UMU to have an office in Haiti and its staff to make "field trips to
selected sub-grantee program locations."  Key personnel included:

Chief of Party/Democracy Advisor:  a four-year position staffed in the U.S. by
ADF.  "This man's role will be especially important in assuring that
institutions
and activities funded promote values and attitudes which are in line with
AID's
definitions of democracy and the overall goals of the Democracy Enhancement
Project."     [Note: the Chief of Party position was filled by Ira Lowenthal,
director of the Projet Integre pour le Renforcement de la Democratie en Haiti
--
PIRED -- which began open operations in late 1992 as the Umbrella Management
Unit.]

Financial Management Specialist: a four-year position staffed in the U.S. by
Datex, Inc. under subcontract to ADF.  The position was reportedly to be
filled
by a diaspora Haitian who had been a Datex consultant to AID/Haiti for several
years.  The position involved supervision of four Haitian staffers, including
a
financial systems specialist, a controller, and two bookkeepers).

Institutional Development Specialist: a two-year position staffed by EIL,
reportedly by a man who had been working with EIL in New York for several
years.
This position involved supervision of two Haitian staffers (a training
specialist
and a program monitoring specialist), developing needs assessments for
independent sector organizations, and developing plans for post-AID funding.

Staff to be hired in Haiti included a training specialist, a program
monitoring
and evaluation specialist, a financial systems specialist, a controller, and
support staff (two bookkeepers, one administrative assistant, two secretaries,
three drivers, and guards).   Total salary, fringe benefits, housing and other
allowances for the three U.S. staff positions (including payments to the
heads of
the parent organizations) was  $301,576 for the first year.  Total salary for
the
15 Haitian staff positions was $145,900 for the first year.  (Fringe benefits
and
allowances were apparently not budgeted for Haitian staff).

Established and Potential Funding to Haitian Groups FOS and OGITH receive
AIFLD
money for salaries, rent and electricity.  The Democracy Enhancement project
budgeted $500,000 for labor union support for two years, with more possible
"if
successes are documented," via an AIFLD grant through NED.  Three alternatives
were discussed if the AIFLD route "is deemed to be not appropriate":

1. UMU could work with the teachers' union (CNEH) to develop a proposal,
providing a sub-grant for that work.  AID noted that CNEH avoids aid from
foreign
governments and had turned down emergency funding from the European Community
for
that reason.  AID suggested that CNEH could receive NED money through the
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), "which is affiliated with AFL-CIO and
therefore with FTUI."

2. AID could use "not elsewhere cited" short-term technical assistance for a 1
month to 6 week consultant "to develop a more detailed profile of the labor
movement."

3. AIFLD "will continue to support a country representative and will continue
to
pay the staff salaries" of the groups it supports now.

"Support for free and independent media": AID and USIS, in consultation with
the
Director of AHJ, identified "a number of possible types of intervention which
would help strengthen AHJ and journalism in Haiti":

o Through UMU sub-grant, pay for AHJ's rent, utilities, some equipment
(photocopier, word processor, typewriter, generator, some furniture), and
partial
salaries for a limited period "to enable it to develop longer-term financial
strategies." $2,000 - 2,500 per month in local currency.

o UMU could provide short-term technical assistance to AHJ to develop a
development plan, identifying potential resources in collaboration with USIS.
 In
country and short-term overseas training for individual journalists and radio
stations is suggested.  Up to $100,000 US currency for short-term trainers and
short-term US training, all managed by UMU on AHJ's behalf.  Additional local
currency for logistic support for training, managed by AHJ, up to $100,00 per
year local currency.

o AHJ could then apply for another UMU sub-grant for activities like overseas
training.  "Where expatriate trainers are required, these would be identified
with assistance from USIS, paid directly by the UMU, but presented as member
services from the AHJ.  In all local activities, the AHJ would take the lead
on
logistics arrangements."

"Access to justice": AID believed CHADEL "is interested in continuing support
started under the Development of Democracy Project for radio spots."
[Honorat]
indicated to AID that CHADEL plans to establish 4 regional offices staffed by
a
director, a secretary and 2 monitors.  "CHADEL could absorb $120,000 per year
in
sub-grants for an expanded program of radio spots..."
AID suggested that CHAMID,
the Catholic Church Committee on Justice and Peace, and other human rights
organizations "should be actively sought out for participation" in the
Democracy
Enhancement project.  Other groups mentioned are the Haitian Lawyers Committee
and Amicale des Juristes, both in terms of training for paralegals.

Centre Petion Bolivar was also discussed.  Some funding comes through FAC and
Latin American organizations, "but [CPB] is primarily linked to the Friedrich
Ebert Foundation"  from which it receives $ 50,000 per year.  AID suggests
that
CPB be considered for UMU sub-grants to sponsor forums in regional centers and
possibly videotape forums held in Port-au-Prince for broadcast in other areas.


2.  Summary of AID Post-Coup Status Report to Congress

A post-coup AID report to Congress entitled "Democracy Activities in Haiti"
reported that three "Democracy Activities" were completed during FY 1991, with
total funding of $13,124,411.  The projects completed included the
Development of
Democracy Project, the Elections Management Assistance Project, and the
Development of Civil Society Project.

AID reported that "as prospects of a transition to democracy improved in
mid-1990, AID initiated a more proactive strategy, focusing on support for the
democratic initiatives and economic reactivation."  The Democracy Enhancement
Project, funded at $11,000,000 in Direct Assistance and $13,450,000
ESF-generated
local currency in FYs 1991 to 1995, was described to Congress as designed "to
expand and strengthen constitutional and autonomous private institutions which
facilitate broad-based participation in democratic decision-making and respect
for the Constitution."

Program status as of the coup was presented as follows:

o The needs assessment initiated by the Consortium for Legislative Development
(CLD) in mid-1991 was interrupted by the coup.  $904,000 in Direct Assistance
and
$3.5 million in ESF-generated local currency is available to CLD for work with
both chambers of the National Assembly (Legislative Development component).

o NDI and NRI signed cooperative agreements totalling $1 million in July and
August 1991, but work had not begun and was suspended indefinitely
(Legislative
Development component).

o $264,000 in technical assistance to the CEP was approved, but work was in
the
planning/design stage (CEP component).

o AIFLD was granted $500,000 in Direct Assistance and $400,000 in
ESF-generated
local currency in June 1991 (Civil Society component).

o ADF was "competitively selected in June 1991" to manage $2.5 million in
Direct
Assistance and $2.5 million in ESF-generated local currency to support Haitian
NGOs (Civil Society component).

o ADF was also selected to manage $1 million in Direct Assistance and $5.7
million in ESF-generated local currency for local government and economic
efforts; final implementation planning was interrupted by the coup (Local
Government component).

o Expenditures during the coup included up to $180,000 monthly to ADF,
estimated
$20,000 monthly to AIFLD, $11,000 monthly to two "resident hire Americans"
providing technical assistance to ADF and AIFLD, and $1,500 monthly to AID for
storage of CEP radio equipment and computers.

AID reported the "Proposed Democracy Portfolio following the Restoration of
Democracy" as follows:

o Expand ADF and AIFLD current activities.

o Reactivate cooperative agreements with CLD, NDI, and NRI; reactivate ADF's
local government cooperative agreement.

o Provide technical assistance to CEP, return radio and computer equipment.

o Finalize design and implement $7 million Administration of Justice project,
which will include training for central judicial personnel, paralegal training
for local leaders and grassroots groups (through IHRED and Amicale des
Juristes),
printing and distribution of documents such as legal codes, adaptation of
legal
codes and procedures, and public information, education and justice
monitoring.

Finally, AID "will seek to reinforce its Democracy Portfolio through relevant,
supportive interventions in key sectors."  Specific examples included a
policy/administrative reform project, integration of a democracy curriculum
into
all public and private school systems at all levels, and "small self-help,
special development activities and food programs [which] would include
components
emphasizing local group empowerment."


3.  Summary of AID September 1993 Status Report

A two-page report entitled "USAID/Haiti Democracy Factsheet" and dated
September
2, 1993 reported that the total AID-approved funding for the five-year
Democracy
Enhancement Project was $11 million.  Project status in the areas of
assistance
to civil society, the National Assembly, political parties, local government,
and
the CEP is summarized as follows.  [Note: see section 5 below for background
on
groups appearing in bold type.]

Assistance to Civil Society "With the specific objective of strengthening the
independent sector, support is awarded to Haitian organizations that seek to
improve the environment for democracy.  USAID supports two grants in the area
of
civil society:"

American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD): "Established in Haiti
since the 1980's, AIFLD works in partnership with the Haitian Trade Union
Movement.  They believe that strong and democratic unions are necessary to
give
voice to the legitimate demands of the workers."... "Activities include:
leadership training, seminars on mediation and organizing techniques."

America's Development Foundation (ADF): Through the Projet Integre pour le
Renforcement de la Democratie en Haiti  (PIRED), $5 million in "technical and
financial assistance" is provided to "eligible Haitian NGOs which work to
promote
human rights, free and independent media, democratic debate and civic
education."
 Currently funded NGOs include L'Amicale des Juristes ($564,000), the Centre
Oecumenique pour les Droits Humains (CDEH, $300,000), and Foundation
Developpement et Democratie (FONDEM, $190,000 for 6 months program to promote
"tolerance and nonviolence").

Assistance to the National Assembly "Legislative development aims to develop
and
upgrade skills of parliamentarians and their staff" through two American
organizations, the Congressional Human Rights Foundation and the Center for
Democracy.  The former "will conduct international parliamentarian
fact-finding
delegations with the Haitian parliament."  The latter, "well known for its
efforts in facilitating Haitian delegations to the U.S.," could provide
"in-country orientation seminars, orientation tours to visit U.S. legislative
bodies; and an assessment of training and equipment needs."

Assistance to Political Parties "The strengthening of political participatory
institutions is especially important."  The National Democratic Institute and
the
International Republican Institute each received $800,000.  NDI "will promote
the
consolidation of democracy in Haiti by assisting Haiti's civilian and military
leaders to develop mechanisms to integrate the Armed Forces of Haiti in to
civilian society" and "proposes to establish a broad civil-military relations
program with senior members of the Haitian government."  IRI (NRI) will
"provide
technical assistance to support democratic and issue-based parties by
institutionally strengthening at least ten Haitian political parties over a
four-year period."

Assistance to Local Government "Funds will be made available through the
America's Development Foundation to support and strengthen the management and
administrative capacity of local, elected government bodies and assist them
with
decentralized economic development efforts."

Assistance to the Permanent Electoral Council (CEP) "Funds are available for
technical assistance to the CEP to establish a permanent electoral registry
and
to revise electoral logistical processes."


4.  Background on Key U.S. Groups

The organizations described below are funded wholly or predominantly by U.S.
tax
dollars, despite their description as "private voluntary organizations."

Democracy Enhancement Consortium Leaders

*  America's Development Foundation (ADF) ADF was founded in 1980 as a
tax-exempt, charitable NGO for the "support, operation, or advancement of
scientific, educational, social and economic development and other charitable
objectives" worldwide.  Although clearly required by its charter to be
nongovernmental, nonpolitical and nonpartisan, "ADF's development projects
have
been financially supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development
(AID)
and the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), organizations with definite
political agendas."  Since 1987, ADF programs have focused on
"democracy-building."  Among the countries in which ADF has conducted programs
are Nicaragua, El Salvador, the Philippines and Haiti.  ADF received over
$600,000 in 1988 and 1989 for anti-Sandinista activities. (Resource Center
GroupWatch Profile)

ADF's President is Michael D. Miller, who holds a BA in Politics and Economics
(University of Alabama, 1963) and MA in Government (Georgetown University,
1968).
 He was a Navy officer from 1964 to 1968, served as an advisor to W.R. Grace
and
Company in New York from 1968 to 1970, and was Vice President of the Council
of
the Americas in Washington from 1970 to 1977.  Miller held the position of
Executive Vice President of the Pan American Development Foundation from 1977
to
1980, when he founded ADF with Basilio Liacuris, Richard Salvatierra, John H.
Bush, and Jack Heller.

*  Delphi International The Delphi International Group was founded in
Washington
in 1980 as a consortium of both nonprofit and for-profit consulting firms.
Delphi played a major role in NED's democracy intervention in Nicaragua,
taking
over management of the anti-Sandinista La Prensa paper in 1986.   (La Prensa
was
previously run by the NED-funded PRODEMCA, run with by Richard Miller and
Spitz
Channell (see IHRED profile, below) with money from Oliver North's clandestine
network; PRODEMCA's funding was withdrawn when it ran pro-Contra ads in U.S.
papers.  Delphi took over the project at that point.)  Henry Quintero, former
Executive Director of the Institute for North South Issues (INSI; see IHRED
profile below) ran that and other Delphi programs in Nicaragua.  Delphi also
channeled NED money to the rightwing Radio Corporacion and other radio
stations,
and supported various youth and women's projects designed to undermine the
Sandinista government.  Delphi has regional offices in several countries and
runs
U.S. government-funded projects all over the world. Henry Quintero worked as
an
intelligence research specialist for the U.S. Army, State Department and USIA
before his INSI and Delphi positions.  He later joined the staff of the
NED-funded International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) to administer
NED grants to Via Civica in Nicaragua.

ADF's Groups ADF's open democracy enhancement activities are conducted by two
groups in Haiti, IHRED and the more recently-formed PIRED.

*Institut International d' Haiti de la Recherche et du Developpment (Haitian
Institute for Research and Development,  IHRED) IHRED was founded in 1986
with a
$100,247 grant from NED channeled through the Institute for North South Issues
(INSI).  INSI was a "non-profit" NED-funded organization founded in the early
1980's by Richard Miller, Henry Quintero and Frank Gomez, and dissolved when
the
Iran-Contra hearings clarified its role as a channel for illegal funds.
(Richard
Miller and Spitz Channell also ran International Business Communications,
which
like INSI laundered money for the Contras.  Miller entered a guilty plea for
conspiring with Oliver North.)

IHRED's founding and current director, Leopold Berlanger, met in Washington
and
Port-au-Prince with INSI's Frank Gomez, who submitted the first grant for
IHRED
to NED in December 1985.  According to the Iran-Contra Congressional Report
(September 1988), Frank Gomez was a ground-floor figure at the State
Department's
Office of Public Diplomacy, dissolved based on GAO's finding that it engaged
in
illegal propaganda directed against the U.S. media, public and Congress.  The
report stated that "Gomez participated in activities designed to influence the
media and public to support the President's Latin American policies, including
sophisticated television ad campaigns that were targeted at Members of
Congress
who were not supportive of the President's Central American policy.  Many of
these activities were by design covert."  [Note: IHRED's founding by Gomez was
contemporaneous with these activities.]

IHRED's original NED funding was approved in January 1986.  Gomez administered
the project until ADF took over the IHRED program in April 1987.  IHRED's
founding materials described the organization as providing colloquia, civic
and
voter education and materials, training for journalists, and public opinion
polls, with the "enthusiastic support" of the U.S. embassy in Port-au-Prince.
 An
NED annual report stated, "IHRED is building an information bank on various
critical issues that will provide a basis for research on solutions to
national
problems."  IHRED has continued to receive NED and AID funds over the years.


* Projet Integre pour le Renforcement de la Democratie en Haiti (PIRED)

PIRED is the UMU of the Democracy Enhancement Project.  It describes itself as
"one component of USAID/Haiti's Democracy Enhancement Project (521-0236),
designed in 1991, in support of the Republic of Haiti's fledgling democracy.
Its
specific mandate is to implement a program of assistance to both the
independent
sector (i.e., civil society) and local government.  PIRED is being
implemented by
a U.S.-based consortium led by America's Development Foundation (ADF), a
non-profit private voluntary organization (PVO) headquartered in Alexandria,
Virginia and specializing in democracy promotion worldwide."

PIRED is directed by Ira Lowenthal, an anthropologist who has reportedly
worked
on numerous AID projects over the years.


Other U.S. Groups

American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) Although theoretically
an
AFL-CIO organization, AIFLD receives over 95% of its known funding from the
U.S.
government and only 5% from labor or business sources.  AIFLD has a long and
well-documented history of organizing new trade unions or taking over existing
ones such that the unions fall under direct or indirect control of the CIA.
Since AIFLD is not technically a government agency, however, it is not
subject to
Congressional oversight or the Freedom of Information Act. The full extent of
AIFLD funding is said to be known only by high-level U.S. intelligence
officers.
AIFLD operates in over 20 countries, with special focus on Latin America.

A 1975 article about AIFLD described its covert operations as beginning with
information gathering from overt programs, such as housing programs which
provide data on workers occupying particular developments.  AIFLD builds U.S.
intelligence-controlled infrastructures of labor leaders, identification of
whom
has reportedly been an ongoing emphasis in AIFLD training programs in both
Latin
America and Washington.

Center for Democracy (CFD) CFD was established in 1984 to "promote the
democratic
process in U.S. and abroad," headed by Allen Weinstein.  Weinstein had headed
the
American Political Foundation, the group  which organized "The Democracy
Project"
which proposed creation of the "private" government-funded National Endowment
for
Democracy.  Weinstein helped draft the legislation creating NED in 1983 and
was
its first president.  In that context he stated, "A lot of what we do today
was
done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA."  Weinstein left APF the following
year to
found CFD, which has been funded by AID and NED ever since.  Weinstein has
been
described as "the dean of covert operators."CFD maintains offices in Boston,
Washington, Guatemala City, and Strasbourg.  Many of its activities have
focused
on Central America, although it maintains the Strasbourg office as "a liaison
presence" in Eastern Europe.  In Nicaragua, CFD established itself in a
decidedly
more permanent fashion than the other 3,000-plus international observers
invited
to observe the 1990 elections, opening an office in Managua in mid-1989 with
$75,000 from NED and $250,000 from AID.  The office was directed by Caleb
McCarry, was implicated in provocation of a pre-election violent incident, and
like other NED organizations, was widely seen as a top conduit of support to
the
UNO party.

Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI) FTUI was founded in 1978 as the European
branch
of AFL-CIO's Department of International Affairs, and until NED's creation
was a
relatively inactive recreation of the postwar CIA-affiliated Free Trade Union
Committee.  After 1983, FTUI became NED's core grantee for labor projects,
channeling most of its money through its regional affiliates AIFLD, the
African-American Labor Center, and the Asian-American Free Labor Center.
FTUI's
affiliates are known for supporting conservative unions which promote the
interests of U.S. businesses, often unions created by the AFL-CIO's
institutes to
draw support away from unions which place workers' interests before those of
foreign businesses.  In some cases -- such as AIFLD -- ample documentation
exists
linking FTUI's regional institutes with CIA operations.  FTUI  dispensed some
$35
million in NED monies between 1984 and 1988.

International Republican Institute (IRI) and National Democratic Institute
(NDI)
IRI (formerly NRI, or National Republican Institute) and NDI are two of the
four
NED "core grantees" through which NED democracy intervention funds are
channeled.
 Both were established on the recommendation of the American Political
Foundation's Democracy Program (see Center for Democracy) and were
incorporated
in April 1983 but not funded until receiving NED money the following year.
The
staff and directors of both groups form an interlocking network with NED and
its
array of grantees.  NDI and IRI focus on "party building" activities such as
technical assistance, seminars, research and polls, civic education and voter
drives.  IRI funds conservative and rightwing think tanks, research institutes
and civic organizations.

United States Information Agency (USIA) Known abroad as the United States
Information Service (USIS), USIA is the formal propaganda service of the U.S.
government.  National Security Action Memo No. 124 (1-18-62) stressed
coordination among USIA, AID, CIA, the Pentagon and the State Department in
waging political warfare, including psychological warfare operations, civic
action, economic assistance, agrarian reform and military assistance as the
primary weapons.  USIA funds founded NED in 1983.  Based on its research, USIA
selects propaganda themes, determines target audiences, and develops
comprehensive country plans for media manipulation.  The CIA often uses USIA
to
plant information abroad, which is then picked up by U.S. media.

In our next installment we will analyze the recipients of these grants.
Or you could easily research this yourself,

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