-Caveat Lector-

Arrests, rumour and false alarms as manhunt spans the world

[source: http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/story.jsp?story=94151]

By Andrew Gumbel in Los Angeles, Jason Bennetto, and Frances Kennedy in Rome

15 September 2001

An increasingly jittery investigation into Tuesday's attacks on New York
and Washington, and the network of suicide bombers behind them, spread
around the world as police in at least eight countries swooped on members
of Islamist groups suspected of ties to Osama bin Laden and his al-Qa'ida
guerrilla group.

The frenzy of police activity included the arrest of six alleged activists
in Belgium and the Netherlands, four of whom were picked up following an
intelligence tip that they might be planning a strike against American
targets in Europe.

In Italy, police reopened an investigation into the theft of a pilot's
uniform, a badge and two US passports from American Airline employees last
April. In Manila, American and Filipino authorities raided a hotel
following reports that three men with Omani passports were seen
videotaping the US Embassy across the street. A key arrest in the 1993
bombing of New York's World Trade Centre was made at the same hotel.

The hunt for associates of Mr bin Laden, named as the chief suspect in the
attacks by the US Secretary of State, Colin Powell, continued in Germany,
where one man was arrested earlier this week and a young woman taken in
for questioning, and also spread to Mexico and France. In Britain,
anti-terrorist officers and security service agents said they were
tracking suspected members of al- Qa'ida but believed they had gone into
hiding since Tuesday.

In the United States, meanwhile, there were increasing signs of panic as a
flurry of arrests, airport closures and reports of possible new suicide
hijacking attacks appeared to be the result of over-reaction or unreliable
initial leads.

Ten people of Middle Eastern origin detained at John F Kennedy airport in
New York on Thursday night - a threat taken seriously enough to prompt the
closure of all airports in the area - were exonerated and released
yesterday. Joseph Biden, chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,
explained that the panic that was prompted by their apprehension was the
result of a series of coincidences. One belligerent man who insisted on
being allowed on to a full plane turned out to be just that - belligerent
and nothing more. A man in an American Airlines uniform turned out to be
an American Airlines employee on his way to a Boeing conference.

Another man thought to be carrying a fake pilot's licence turned out to be
a bona fide pilot carrying his brother's identity papers as well as his
own. Mr Biden told reporters: "His brother happened to live in an
apartment complex that was one in Boston where some of these people had
actually been. Totally, totally coincidental."

There was also a melodramatic car chase in Staten Island that turned out
to be a hunt for a phantom. In Florida, meanwhile, a flight engineer for
Saudi Arabian Airlines, Adnan Bukhari, was cleared of suspicion after he
passed a lie- detector test and evidence emerged that his identity might
have been misappropriated by the hijackers. His name, along with that of
his dead brother, was apparently picked up from a rental car left at an
airport in Portland, Maine, and appeared to match another Bukhari
questioned following the police raid in the Philippines.

There is growing evidence that the semi-autonomous cells that planned and
executed Tuesday's attacks used a variety of subterfuges and decoys to
fool investigators, including fake identities, false or altered passports,
and even disguises. Historically, this has often been part of the modus
operandi of guerrilla networks structured by semi-autonomous cells. The
precise nationalities of the dead hijackers have yet to be pinned down, as
have their relationships to one another. There are many similar names in
circulation and reports of several sets of brothers, but these have not
been established with any precision. It is not known how many of the
hijackers knew each other, or whether they were aware of any more of the
plot than their own specific part in it.

The latest intelligence from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, reported
in yesterday's Los Angeles Times, suggests that up to 30 people were fully
trained and ready to die for their cause. John Ashcroft, the Attorney
General, has said 19 hijackers had actually gone into action, suggesting
that there are another 12 at large, as well as a further 20-odd suspected
accomplices.

Investigators are very worried about the possibility of another attack. In
addition to the arrests in New York, two men were detained in Forth Worth,
Texas, on Wednesday after they were found on an Amtrak train with
box-cutting knives. The FBI has not ruled out the possibility that there
was a plan to hijack a fifth plane at Dallas/Fort Worth airport.

New evidence has also emerged that Tuesday's attacks were five years or
more in the planning. FBI agents investigating the records of flight
schools in Florida attended by the hijackers have discovered that some of
them were enrolled as early as 1997, and had probably submitted
applications the previous year.

It also appeared that at least five of the 10 hijackers who boarded planes
in Boston had claimed links to Saudi Arabian Airlines and had thus ducked
some of the standard security clearance checks for Middle Easterners.
Chuck Clapper, the owner of an air charter company in Lantana, Florida,
told the Boston Globe that several Florida flying schools have contracts
with Saudi Arabian Airlines that enable them to bypass much of the red
tape involved in obtaining visas for their students. Asked if Arabs who
seek to enter the United States need to seek State Department clearance,
Mr Clapper said: "Saudis don't. Iranians do. Libyans do. But the Saudis
are allies, so they don't." The Saudi cover may have enabled one of the
dead hijackers, Mohamad Atta, to deflect attention from the fact that he
was wanted in Israel in connection with a bus bombing in 1986. Had that
fact come to light, he would almost certainly have been turned down for a
visa.

The Saudi connection was picked by Laurence Eagleburger, the former
Secretary of State, who said yesterday that the United States had been far
too lenient on its erstwhile Gulf War ally and needed to get tough about
possible indulgences by the Saudis of terrorist activity.

Such criticisms and recriminations are becoming more common as the days
pass, as are knee-jerk responses to skin colour and nationality by US law
enforcement officials supposedly banned from indulging in "racial
profiling". One passenger at JFK, Mike Glass of Seattle, told The New York
Times: "Anyone with dark skin or who spoke with an accent was taken aside
and searched. And then they went to any male with too much facial hair."

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