-Caveat Lector- http://observer.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,556511,00.html The Observer Front page Fury at plan to sell off DNA secrets Leak reveals drug companies' demands | Britain's health files 'could be privatised' Special report: the ethics of genetics Antony Barnett and Gaby Hinsliff Sunday September 23, 2001 The Observer The genetic secrets of millions of Britons could be sold off to private drug companies under highly controversial proposals outlined in leaked government documents. DNA samples collected from patients during routine hospital treatment would be stored on a massive national database and auctioned to pharmaceutical companies, who could use the information to help develop lucrative new drugs. The idea has outraged campaigners who fear that such highly intimate information - DNA could reveal inherited health risks and personality traits - could potentially be leaked to the police, employers or insurance companies. Opponents say it would be a step to 'privatising' the nation's DNA. Health Secretary Alan Milburn, who has made clear his concerns about potential developments in genetics, formed a panel of medical and industry experts in April to advise on his forthcoming genetics Green Paper. But confidential minutes of its top-level meetings, passed to The Observer , reveal the pressure being exerted by biotech companies. Crispin Kirman, chief executive of the Bioindustry Association representing drug companies, warns that, unless the industry is allowed to use NHS data, Britain will become 'a third world genetics country'. Such warnings will be taken seriously by Downing Street, which wants to see Britain taking a lead in the new science. Over the next decade dozens of genetic tests are likely to be developed which identify predisposition to serious illness. A number of the confidential papers examine the role of the private sector, with Kirkman noting that 'the UK population represents a very high potential source for genetic research'. He praises Iceland's controversial sale of the genetic database of the country's entire population to a private company, and floats the idea of genetically screening the whole British population at birth and then again at 18. However, another adviser, bio-ethicist Baroness O'Neill, warns that proposals for a genetic 'smart card', like a credit card with an individual's genetic details imprinted on it, would cause public concern. Although the cards could be used by doctors to tailor drugs to patients, the concern is the information could easily be stolen. Other participants want to contract out genetic testing to the private sector, and allow biotech companies to offer genetic tests over the internet, raising fears that there will be no proper counselling for those receiving bad news. The possibility is also raised that people could test samples from third parties and use the results for blackmail. The minutes suggest that the section of the Green Paper dealing with industry should be placed at the back of the document 'to avoid giving the impression that commercial considerations are at the forefront'. Dr David King, co-ordinator of Human Genetics Alert, criticised the proposals. 'It appears that the Government is on the road to privatising the nation's DNA,' he said. 'Many of the ideas being floated are driven by commercial interests and profits with ethics given a walk-on part.' Baroness Kennedy, chair of the Human Genetics Commission - some of whose members are furious at being left off the panel - said she would have grave concerns about selling off DNA. 'This raises some very, very serious questions, and my commission will really want to look at that,' she said. 'It is the leaching of informa tion from one databank to another that is precisely what the general public is afraid of.' The Commission will tomorrow discuss in public its own draft report on the use of genetic information. It is expected to recommend an independent watchdog to oversee the police DNA database of samples taken from criminals, and tighter rules on consent to medical genetic tests, making it clear how and by whom results will be used. It will also back more rights for people found to be predisposed to illness, possibly by extending current discrimination law. Campaigners fear police and the medical establishment will face pressure to share database information, or that police could use DNA collected for forensic purposes to research genetic pre disposition to violence and other character traits. The latest proposals go well beyond last year's move by the Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council to set up a gene databank of 500,000 individuals. Members of the panel declined to comment. A spokeswoman for the Department of Health said the meeting was a brainstorming session and no decisions had been made. 'The Green Paper will consider the social, ethical, scientific and economic issues of genetics,' she said. 'A wide-ranging discussion is underway for possible topics of inclusion in the Green Paper. Clearly we are a long way away from making decisions on what the paper will contain. The panel will be advising Ministers in due course.' Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2001 -- Best wishes Free institutions are not the property of any majority. They do not confer upon majorities unlimited powers. The rights of the majority are limited rights. They are limited not only by the constitutional guarantees but by the moral principle implied in those guarantees. That principle is that men may not use the facilities of liberty to impair them. 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