-Caveat Lector-

http://www.memes.org/article.php?sid=830&mode=&order=0

Building Blocks of Life Found in Two Meteorites

During a recent analysis of two meteorites scientists
got a sweet surprise; they detected the presence of a
sugar and many sugar-related compounds. The sugar and
sugar-like molecules, collectively called polyols,
were found in the Murchison meteorite that fell in
Murchison, Australia, in 1969 and the Murray meteor
that fell in Kentucky in 1950�two meteorites that are
rich in carbon.

Sugars play an essential role in living organisms.
They are a component of both types of genetic
material�RNA and DNA�they provide a source of energy,
and they form an essential structural component of the
membrane that surrounds every cell.

Previous studies have revealed that the meteorites
also contain amino acids, which are the building
blocks of proteins, and present in all life forms.

Some scientists have speculated that material from
meteors may have provided some starting material for
early life forms, possibly even jump-starting the
origin of life itself.

The research is published in the December 20 issue of
the journal Nature.

"We may never know what particular compounds were
important for the very start of life, we weren't there
to observe," says George Cooper, of NASA Ames Research
Center in Mofett Field, California, who led the
research.

The finding is important because it proves that two
classes of biologically important compounds�sugars and
amino acids�may have had extraterrestrial origins.
These meteors were thought to be formed about 4.5
billion years ago�fairly early in the life of the
solar system.

A commentary that accompanies Cooper's report suggests
that starlight may have acted upon icy mixtures of
water, ammonia, and carbon monoxide to form simple
sugars such as those found on the Murchison meteorite.


Issues of contamination have muddied investigations to
detect these substances from previous meteorite
samples.

To address concerns that the polyols were not
contaminants from Earth, Cooper and colleagues
measured the quantities of these compounds and their
atomic makeup.

The researchers found that the sugar-related compounds
contain more heavy isotopes of both hydrogen and
carbon than would be found if the compounds were
formed on Earth through biological processes.

The team also found many compounds with molecular
arrangements that are rare on Earth.

The incorporation of many heavy isotopes and the
presence of rare polyols is a signature of
extraterrestrial materials.

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