-Caveat Lector-

http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~pdscott/q4.html

BCCI, Afghanistan, and Past Drug-Terrorist Networks

You can read online a US Senate Subcommittee Report entitled "The
BCCI Affair" about BCCI, the Bank of Credit and Commerce
International.

http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/

The Report concluded
a) that BCCI constituted international financial crime on a massive
and global scale, including money-laundering and arms trafficking,
b) that BCCI systematically bribed leaders and politicians in 73
countries around the world, including the US,
c) that it evaded regulatory barriers and penetrated the US banking
system. It also reached 12 other conclusions.

The Senate Report's conclusions downplayed what the Subcommittee
had heard from Acting CIA Director Richard Kerr about CIA knowledge
of "the illegal activities that BCCI was involved in -- narcotics
money-laundering, terrorism, support to terrorism, and other
activities such as that" (Hearings, III, 584), at a time when the
CIA itself banked at both BCCI and First American, a US bank which
BCCI illegally controlled.

Buried in the Report is the finding that "terrorist
organizations... received payment at BCCI-London and other branches
directly from Gulf-state patrons, and then transferred those funds
wherever they wished without apparent scrutiny."

Books such as The Outlaw Bank, by Jonathan Beaty and S.C. Gwynne,
go further. Beaty and Gwynne accuse BCCI of involvement with Saudi
and Pakistani intelligence and defense and foreign policy (e.g.
167, 291), with the movement of narcotics to finance the Afghan
resistance of the 1980s (p. 296), and with the CIA and its director
William Casey (e.g. pp. 80-82, 250-51). They cite (on p. 118) a
Financial Times story [7/25/91] in which the then Finance Minister
of Pakistan "appeared to accept ... that BCCI in Pakistan had been
used by the CIA to transfer money to Afghan resistance leaders and
their backers in the Pakistani military."

BCCI collapsed in 1991. It would appear that the networks and
connections persist. It is pertinent to recall the words of a
former senior DEA Agent with whom I once shared a TV panel, whose
special area was the Middle East: "In my 30-year history in the
Drug Enforcement Administration and related agencies, the major
targets of my investigations almost invariably turned out to be
working for the CIA" (quoted in Peter Dale Scott and Jonathan
Marshall Cocaine Politics [1998 edition], xviii).

BCCI 's funds were melded with the personal fortune of Sheikh Zayed
of Abu Dhabi, one of the UAE. According to Jonathan Beaty (The
Outlaw Bank, p. 74) a US government source told him that "Zayed's
investments in the United States amounted to a staggering $50
billion, or more." Sheikh Zayed's fortune, reported at $30 billion
a year (p. 87), was primarily due to a flow of petrodollars which
"started to flow in the mid-1960s" (p. 126). But the 1960s is also
the period in which the world began to hear of heroin refineries
near the oil refineries of Dubai and Qatar.

One cannot really understand the present crisis without
understanding the degree to which the flow of narcodollars and
petrodollars has corrupted governments, corporations and social
structures around the world, including the US. The influence of
these foreign funds is not usually visible. Most people for example
are not aware that until recently the largest shareholder of
Chevron, and the second-largest shareholder of Chase Manhattan,
were both Arabs.

I plan to post here an article I wrote for Pacific News Service in
1990, entitled "U.S. Hungry for Kuwaiti Petro-Dollars -- Not Just
Oil" (San Francisco Chronicle, 1/2/91).



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