Hello Prof. Bangerth and developers,
I have already installed the deal.ii library (9.1.1-9build2) by apt package 
(just by "apt-get install libdeal.ii-dev") in my ubuntu 20.04LTS machine. I 
did compilations in step-1 and step-2, same errors occur.
The environment information is as follows:

*****
$ ldconfig -p |grep deal
   libdeal.ii.so.9.1.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdeal.
ii.so.9.1.1
   libdeal.ii.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdeal.ii.so
   libdeal.ii.g.so.9.1.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdeal.
ii.g.so.9.1.1
   libdeal.ii.g.so (libc6,x86-64) => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdeal.ii.g.so

$ export | grep deal
declare -x DEAL_II_DIR="/usr/include/deal.II"
declare -x PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/
sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/
include/deal.II:/usr/include/deal.II"

$ ls /usr/include/deal.II/
algorithms       distributed  grid         matrix_free   numerics     
 physics
base             dofs         hp           meshworker    opencascade   
sundials
boost_adaptors   fe           integrators  multigrid     optimization
differentiation  gmsh         lac          non_matching  particles

$ ls /usr/local/include/deal.II/
algorithms      cgal             gmsh         matrix_free   opencascade
arborx          differentiation  grid         meshworker    optimization
base            distributed      hp           multigrid     particles
boost_adaptors  dofs             integrators  non_matching  physics
bundled         fe               lac          numerics      sundials

$ ls /usr/local/lib/
cmake            libdeal_II.g.so.9.5.0-pre  libdeal_II.so.9.5.0-pre 
 python3.8
libdeal_II.g.so  libdeal_II.so              pkgconfig
**********

I copy the example files into another directory and run commands in step-2 
folder:

************
$ cmake .
-- Using the* deal.II-9.5.0*-pre installation found at /usr/local (*** PS 
***: I don't know why deal.ii-9.5.0 is involved.)
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_add_test.
cmake
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_
initialize_cached_variables.cmake
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_invoke_
autopilot.cmake
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_pickup_
tests.cmake
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_query_
git_information.cmake
-- Include macro /usr/local/share/deal.II/macros/macro_deal_ii_setup_
target.cmake
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Autopilot invoked
###
#
#  Project  step-2  set up with  deal.II-9.5.0-pre  found at
#      /usr/local
#
#  CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:          Debug
#
#  You can now run
#       $ make                - to compile and link the program
#       $ make run            - to (compile, link and) run the program
#
#       $ make debug          - to switch the build type to 'Debug'
#       $ make release        - to switch the build type to 'Release'
#
#       $ make edit_cache     - to change (cached) configuration variables
#                               and rerun the configure and generate phases 
of CMake
#
#       $ make strip_comments - to strip the source files in this
#                               directory off their comments; this is 
irreversible
#       $ make clean          - to remove the generated executable as well 
as
#                               all intermediate compilation files
#       $ make runclean       - to remove all output generated by the 
program
#       $ make distclean      - to clean the directory from _all_ generated
#                               files (includes clean, runclean and the 
removal
#                               of the generated build system)
#       $ make info           - to view this message again
#
#  Have a nice day!
#
###
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /media/zz/CE8C7223EFB7F02F/
deal.ii_check/examples/step-2

$ make 
Scanning dependencies of target step-2
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/step-2.dir/step-2.cc.o
In file included from */usr/local/include/deal.II*/base/config.h:561,
                 from */usr/local/include/deal.II/*grid/tria.h:20,
                 from /media/zhu/CE8C7223EFB7F02F/
deal.ii_check/examples/step-2/step-2.cc:23:
*/usr/local/include/deal.II/base/numbers.h:28:10: fatal error: 
Kokkos_Macros.hpp: No such file or directory*
   28 | #include <Kokkos_Macros.hpp>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/step-2.dir/build.make:63: 
CMakeFiles/step-2.dir/step-2.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:272: CMakeFiles/step-2.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:84: all] Error 2
****************

As the error shown in the above, I feel strange about another version 9.5.0 
appearing in the compilation. I also do cmake by adding 
-DDEAL_II_DIR=/usr/local/include/deal.II or other directory like 
-DDEAL_II_DIR=/usr/include/deal.II (since the same /algorithms, 
/distributed, /grid, .. folders appear in this directory ), the error keeps 
the same. 
So in this situation, what is the reason for this error and how to solve 
it? Thank you!

PS: Maybe I forgot I have installed it at the first then remove it 
incompletely, and installed it again. But I don't remember clearly. The 
clear impression is that I only use apt-get to install the deal.ii library. 

Best,
Xianyun

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