On Monday, October 15, 2012 05:19:29 PM Ralf Mardorf wrote:
> Assumed that you are not blind, perhaps a YouTube video will help you to
> learn faste, resp. it might better explain how to e.g. become root in a
> terminal emulation.
Or, perhaps, a simple list of ways to become root without any clutter.
Log in as root on a console, and return to the GUI:
Type <SHIFT><ALT><F1> through <SHIFT><ALT><F6> to get to a console
Log in as root
Log out (typically using <CTRL/D> or exit)
Type <SHIFT><ALT><F7> to return to your GUI. (It usually runs on virt.
cons. 7, but sometimes on VC6 or VC8).
Become root in the current directory:
su
su root
sudo su
sudo su root
sudo /bin/bash
Execute a command as root:
su -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
su root -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
sudo /sbin/sbin-command with options and args
sudo -u root /sbin/sbin-command with options and args
Become root as though root had logged in on the terminal (or text console);
this give you root's PATH and other ENV settings and puts you in root's home
dir:
su -
su - root
sudo su -
sudo su - root
sudo /bin/bash -l # Except this one leaves you in the current dir
Execute a command in root's environment:
su - -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
su - root -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
sudo su - -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
sudo su - root -c "/sbin/sbin-command with options and args"
Notes:
- Su will always ask for the target user's password unless you are
already root.
- Sudo (on most modern GNU/Linux dostros) will ask for the user's
password instead of root's password.
- Having su run a command (or having sudo run a command other than su)
can be insecure (but it is not necessarily so)
- Some distros will install only sudo by default.
For security purposes (partly because the X11 protocols can be insecure), most
GNU/Linux distros do not allow root to log in to the GUI.
To learn more, 'man su', 'man sudo', and/or 'man bash'.
