Yes, very doable, though may be rather to quite non-trivial to do so. I not long ago basically did this on a pair of drives on my laptop (yes it supports up to at least 3 internal drives, and I nominally have 2) - I'd not long ago replaced my relatively ancient ~150G SSD that finally died (zero data loss, thank you md raid1 !). So, replace that with ~2TiB SSD (rather similar to my existing other drive). And, in doing so, I wanted to be more future-proof (or at least future resistant) in my setup for that drive, so I did it GPT rather than MBR, and likewise went back and similarly updated the other drive too (and thanks to mv and LVM, and having 2 drives, did most all of that live).
I'd also strongly suggest, for backwards compatibility, also include a BIOS partition too (takes only very small bit of space). Anyway, this is what I've got (partitions quite matched on both drives): # sfdisk -uS -l /dev/sda | sed -ne '/^Diskl/p;/^Device /,/sda3/p' Disklabel type: gpt Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 6143 4096 2M BIOS boot /dev/sda2 6144 2097151 2091008 1021M EFI System /dev/sda3 2097152 4194303 2097152 1G Linux RAID # That 3rd partition is md raid1 for /boot - though one could just do regular ext2/3/4 filesystem. One can then set that up and do either BIOS legacy boot or EFI boot, no further changes needed. Recommended/minimum for BIOS boot is 1 MiB, I gave it 2 MiB "just in case" and to play it safe (hey, storage is pretty cheap!). EFI I did ~1GiB - should be ample - and aligned it to end just short of the next partition at precisely 1GiB offset from start of drive (that and all subsequent partitions I have starting at exactly integral multiples of 1GiB from start of drive). Such alignment is beneficial for solid state storage, and 4KiB alignment is crucial for performance for many modern drives (my newest is both logically and physically 4KiB, whereas my slightly older is physically 4KiB, but logically 512B, but doing misaligned is grossly inefficient for writes). And those ~1GiB sizes for EFI and boot should be ample, but one could always make that closer to 2GiB if one really needed/wanted - but I figure 1GiB on those will likely hold me for a decade or so (probably for longer than the life of those drives). And, that was also kind of the intent too - do partitioning once on the new drive, and hopefully never need to change it (at least partition boundaries/locations/sizes anyway, but might possibly want to change types on some at some point) again within the lifetime of the drive. And similar caught up the older drive (its layout was kind of an extension based upon much older drive that was about a decade old and finally died). And with LVM, md, ZFS, etc. I generally shouldn't have any need to be changing partition sizes or locations. And with my 2 drive setup, either drive dies, I can boot the other, and all the particularly critical/important data is RAID-1 protected (though for EFI, I have to manually replicate that between the two drives, but that's easy enough). And of course when (re)installing GRUB, I have to remember to do it for both drives ... but the more routine GRUB configuration updates are easier, as that's just within /boot, which I already have md raid1 on both drives - so those updates automatically are fully covered on both drives. On Sat, May 24, 2025 at 6:41 AM Tommy Berglund <[email protected]> wrote: > > Hi, > Translated by Google from Swedish > > Is it possible to add an EFI system partition to a server already > running Debian 12? > How do I do it? > > (parted) print devices > /dev/sda (2000GB) > /dev/sdb (2000GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-data (1888GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-www (4295MB) > /dev/mapper/vg-vmail (10,7GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-ftp (16,1GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-var (9999MB) > /dev/mapper/vg-tmp (1996MB) > /dev/mapper/vg-home (43,1GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-root (25,0GB) > /dev/mapper/vg-swap_1 (1023MB) > (parted) print free > Model: ATA ST2000VN000-1H31 (scsi) > Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB > Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B > Partition Table: msdos > Disk Flags: > > Number Start End Size Type File system Flags > 1024B 1049kB 1048kB Free Space > 1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot > 512MB 513MB 1048kB Free Space > 2 513MB 2000GB 2000GB extended > 5 513MB 2000GB 2000GB logical lvm > 2000GB 2000GB 90,1kB Free Space >
