> After completing the installation, I moved the same SSD into a USB‑C > external enclosure (Realtek RTL9210B‑CG) to use Debian as a portable > system on my ASUS laptop.
What model of laptop is this, or more importantly what kind of wifi and bluetooth hardware does it include? > It seems that when Debian is booted from a USB‑C external SSD, the > kernel does not enumerate internal PCIe devices (including the > laptop’s Wi‑Fi/Bluetooth card). I find this explanation very unlikely. At most, it's possible that your laptop's BIOS initializes the hardware differently when booting from an external drive, but AFAIK the Linux kernel's code to enumerate the PCIe devices proceeds exactly the same way regardless of how the kernel was booted. E.g. I'm pretty sure it does enumerate PCIe devices because otherwise it probably wouldn't be able to access "itself" over the USB connection because the USB controllers are themselves on the PCIe bus, nor would it be able to configure the video card. === Stefan
