See below inline, thanks. Best Regards,
Richard -----Original Message----- From: Gervase Markham [mailto:g...@mozilla.org] Sent: Tuesday, September 20, 2016 7:37 PM To: Richard Wang <mailto:rich...@wosign.com> Subject: Re: Incidents involving the CA WoSign Hi Richard, On 16/09/16 11:05, Richard Wang wrote: > Hi Gerv, > > This is the final report: > https://www.wosign.com/report/WoSign_Incident_Final_Report_09162016.pdf > > Please let me if you have any questions about the report, thanks. Thank you for this report. I have a few follow-up questions: Issue H: Duplicate Serial Numbers 1) You write: "Firstly 313 certificates and secondly 27 certificates were affected by a system bug with the serial number generation, generating a serial number starting with “0” in the first left position. The signing system had a bug that didn’t know how to deal with this kind of serial number." Can you explain a bit more how such a bug can lead to all the certificates having the same serial number? ----------------------- Richard: Please check the first 313 certificate serial is “56D1570DA645BF6B44C0A7077CC6769” and the second 27 certificate is “D3BBDC3A0175E38F9D0070CD050986A” that only 31 bytes. But our serial number rule is 32 bytes, so the real two serial number is “056D1570DA645BF6B44C0A7077CC6769” and “0D3BBDC3A0175E38F9D0070CD050986A” that the signing system has a bug that don’t know how to deal with this kind of serial and locked to use this same serial number to sign the certificate. Please notice the two case (313 and 27) happened in the same time that the first 313 certificate is issued by one intermediate CA in English, and the second 27 certificate is signed by another intermediate CA in Chinese. This is why two case, but we fix the bug, then no more happened. ---------------------- Issue S: Backdated SHA-1 Certs 2) You say that you "found only 8 SHA-1 SSL certificates that were mis-issued after January 1st 2016 until June 28th 2016." Why did your searching end at June 28th? Have you looked at the rest of June, July and August? --------------------- Richard: I checked every system to make sure every procedure step has closed the SHA-1 option for SSL certificate at June 28th 2016 after we got report from Computest, there are another place in API can go to signing server that don’t go to SHA-1 blocking system first, this is a bug from the unused API code for StartEncrypt. So I can guarantee no more after that day. -------------------- 3) You say you sent an email to all your staff at the end of December forbidding SHA-1 issuance. Does that mean the staff have control of whether a cert uses SHA-1 or not? Does WoSign employ certificate templates to make sure all appropriate fields are set correctly? If not, why not? If so, is the hash algorithm used something that employees can set or override? ------------------- Richard: As I said in the report, after my email, the Buy website don’t accept SHA-1 request after Dec. 30th 2015. But due to some pending request in the system that ordered before Dec. 30th 2015, so the PKI system still allow to sign SHA-1, this is the problem, we have 3 systems: Buy – CMS – PKI. No anyone can change the setting since the certificate template setting is controlled by me only. ------------------- 4) All 64 of the certificates being considered here have a notBefore date of Sunday, 20th December 2015. Does that correctly reflect the date the certificates were created (to within a day)? (For this question, ignore the 2 certificates mis-issued to Computest via the StartEncrypt API.) If not, what is the technical reason for this back/forward dating? And can you please provide a list of the 64 certificates along with their actual dates of creation? ------------------- Richard: For the 62 certificates, there are 22 certificates issued at 19th Dec, 40 certificates is issued at 20th Dec. 2015. I checked our system, Dec 20th is very normal day, we issued SHA-1 certificate at every day, just one day no SHA-1 cert. We provide 24 x 365 service for worldwide customers. Some SHA-1 certificate is free SSL certificate that no any reason for us to help them get the SHA-1 certificate if we are intentional, and some certificate is even never used or even not retrieved from our system, this also can be certified it is a normal order without any doubt. ------------------ Issue S, Category 1 These questions relate to your first category, the six certificates which were mis-issued due to a bug. 5) You say that the certificates were pre-signed, at some point before midnight on 31st December 2016, but then the process was stopped for payment or proof document problems. Is it WoSign's normal practice to sign certificates before payment has been received? Is it normal practice to sign certificates before all identity checks have been completed? ------------------- Richard: I think there are many reasons to stop to sign it due to double check, for EV order, it must pass at least 6 person’s check: The first one is this customer’s customer service executive that he/she is responsible for communicating for what proof document need, and check this customer’s document is missing and have distinct problem; the second person is the customer service team manager to check each order to try to find out each customer service team make any mistake that need to record to KPI; the 3rd person is the Validation Employee A view the order and proof document, the 4th person is the Validation Employee B double check and phone call verification, the 5th person is the PKI issuer that approve the order to PKI for signing, the 6th person is the financial casher to check if it is paid and responsible for upload the bank payment information screenshot to system as a very important proof document I describe it in the first report, the 7th person the next day reviewer from the validation team that it maybe involve more person that I described in the first report. Anyone can stop the order process if he/she find some problem. ----------------- 6) Taking as an example these two certs: https://crt.sh/?serial=6D24E483E27F55479C5C555B37745353 and their SHA-256 counterparts: https://crt.sh/?serial=31742a2b12809bfca04cffc050903837 On January 4th 2016, you CT-logged a SHA-1 pre-cert, got some SCTs from the CT server, and then (mistakenly) created the SHA-1 cert and stored it in your internal log. (Later, you uploaded it to CT as part of your batch upload.) On the same day, January 4th 2016, you also CT-logged a SHA-256 pre-cert, got some SCTs back from the CT server, and then created a SHA-256 cert, to send to the customer. These two processes seem very similar, so I would expect the certificate contents to be very similar. Why, then, does the SHA-1 cert have a notBefore of 2015-12-19, whereas the SHA-256 cert has a notBefore of 2016-01-04? 7) You say these certificates were misissued due to a bug. It seems that the effect of the bug was such that it incorrectly retained the SHA-1 pre-cert version of the cert (created before 2016-01-01), sent it to CT (on 4th Jan), received the SCTs, incorporated them into the cert, signed the cert using SHA-1 (after 2016-01-01), and then stored it in your internal systems? That seems like quite an extensive bug. ------------------- Richard: Not the case, only one simple bug from CT Post system. I try to say more clearly. https://crt.sh/?serial=6D24E483E27F55479C5C555B37745353 is ordered in 19th Dec. 2015, and system pre-signed the pre-cert using SHA-1, no any problem. But it is stopped due to some more check. At 4th Jan. 2016, this order finished the final check and go to signing server, signing server generated a new SHA-2 pre-cert to post to CT log server since SHA-1 is not allowed, and get SCT data to the certificate, this is the second certificate: https://crt.sh/?serial=31742a2b12809bfca04cffc050903837, also no any problem. The problem is the CT post system have a bug that posted the two related pre-cert to CT log server (SHA-1 pre-cert is the original one, and SHA-2 pre-cert is the new copied one), then get two certificates one signed with SHA-1 and one is SHA-2. We also posted the two issued certificates to CT log server later. -------------------- 8) You say that the six certs in category 1 are all now revoked. When did you revoke them? If this was not at the time you discovered and fixed the bug which created them (around 18th January 2016), why not? ------------------------- Richard: The six certificates are revoked after someone pointed it out in the email discussion, then we try to find out the reason and know that this is a bug from CT Post system, then we revoked the six certificate, some certificate is even not retrieved by customer, no any website used the SHA-1 certificate. This also certify that no any intentional possibility to sign SHA-1 to customers. This bug is fixed but it is no chance to function more case since BUY system blocked the SHA-1 order. ------------------------ I may have some more questions later, as I am still working through the report. However, I thought I'd give you a chance to get started on these ones :-) Thanks for any additional information you can provide, Gerv _______________________________________________ dev-security-policy mailing list dev-security-policy@lists.mozilla.org https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-security-policy
