On Wednesday, 1 February 2017 13:00:51 UTC, Kurt Roeckx  wrote:
> I think there are many places in Europe that have states or provinces 
> but where you just don't use them in an official address.

I think it must be a well-known fact by now that the X.500 system's 
hierarchical model is not a good fit to the real world in a variety of ways.

In England (where I live) the logical thing to write in a required field saying 
"state" or "province" is a county. Except, England has not only ancient 
counties, like Yorkshire, and ceremonial counties, like Hampshire, but also 
modern metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties. These differ in area, and 
all except the ancient counties are subject to modification of their extent or 
outright abolition at the whim of central government. They also don't cover the 
whole area of England. Both the capital city and some smaller islands simply 
aren't in any sort of county at all. Things are, inevitably, further 
complicated in the other three countries that make up the United Kingdom.

It is not at all uncommon to see L=London, ST=Middlesex given as an example in 
documentation even though the county of Middlesex was abolished in 1965, before 
the X.500 series was invented. So an argument could be made this is technically 
"wrong" but I don't think it's unclear as to which London is meant.

In practice then I think we should try to ask local experts (ie people at least 
resident in the relevant country) when trying to judge whether the Locality and 
State elements of a Subject DN are acceptable for identifying the actual 
Subject unless it is very obvious (as with the 'test' example) that they are 
could not be.
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