Github user franz1981 commented on the issue: https://github.com/apache/activemq-artemis/pull/2012 @cshannon Summarized: ``` org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.impl.MessageReferenceImpl: Instance size: 72 bytes Space losses: 2 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 6 bytes total org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.paging.cursor.PagedReferenceImpl: Instance size: 104 bytes Space losses: 1 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 5 bytes total org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.impl.LastValueQueue$HolderReference: Instance size: 40 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 0 bytes external = 3 bytes total ``` `Instance size` is the value you're searching for: I have attached the `Space losses` as well, because it is related to what @michaelandrepearce is saying: just adding that mere 4 bytes reference (with heap < 32 Gb the JVM uses compressed oops by default) has added 4 bytes (external) of padding ie a total of 8 bytes of more space used. TBH that's a difficult choice: we have done recently many changes to make every protocol much GC "gentle" to allow scaling more easily, but @cshannon is right that there are monitoring/telemetry reasons very important to be achieved as well. You both have very good points :O
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