Xiangfu Liu wrote:
> where is hte '0xf8' and '0x80' from. don't understand.

Here is a pretty decent overview:

http://tonalsoft.com/pub/pitch-bend/pitch.2005-08-24.17-00.aspx

This one goes deeper:

http://home.roadrunner.com/~jgglatt/tech/midispec.htm

0x80 is the MSB = 1 that marks the confusingly called "status" bytes.
Each MIDI message begins with such a status byte. The status byte is
followed by zero or more data bytes. Data bytes have MSB = 0. [1] 

0xf8 are the real-time messages. They're just one byte and have the
interesting property that they can be interspersed with other
messages. [2] So if you get, say, 0xb0 0x10 0xf8 0x7f, then this is

[ Control-Change Chan=0 ] [ Controller=16 ]   [ Value=127 ]
                                            ^
                                          Clock

"Controller" in MIDI parlance is what one would coloquially call a
control element or simply control, e.g., a button, slider,
potentiometer, pad, etc.

[1] http://home.roadrunner.com/~jgglatt/tech/midispec/messages.htm
[2] http://home.roadrunner.com/~jgglatt/tech/midispec/real.htm

- Werner
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