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Human Ecology and Climate Change:
People and Resources in the Far North
David L. Peterson and Darryll R. Johnson (eds.) 1995
Taylor and Francis, 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101,
Bristol, PA 19007, USA
Tel: (215) 785 5800. Fax: (215) 785-5515.
ISBN 1-56032-404-x (hardback)
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
List of Figures and Tables
CLIMATE AND HUMAN POPULATIONS --
A DYNAMIC BALANCE
Human ecology and climate change at northern latitudes
David L. Peterson and Darryll R. Johnson
Climatic variation and human populations
Climate change, natural resources, and humans
Resource management and human populations in the Far North
Climate change and the biosocial environment
References
Potential climate change in northern North America
Sue A. Ferguson
Environmental controls on high-latitude climate
Regional climate patterns in northern North America
Summary
References
Demography and socioeconomics of northern North
America: Current status and impacts of climate change
Jonathan P. Kochmer and Darryll R. Johnson
The national and international contexts of northern social change
Demographic information
Global warming and northern economies
Summary
References
PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Modeling potential impacts of climate change on northern landscapes
Patrick N. Halpin
Objectives and approach
General description of models
Potential changes in ecoclimatic regions
Potential changes in effective moisture
Implications for northern habitats and protected areas
Summary
References
Climate and ecological relationships in northern latitude ecosystems
John L. Hom
Physical environment
Arctic and boreal ecosystems
Past changes and current observations in northern ecosystems
Summary: The future of northern ecosystems
References
Responses of Arctic ungulates to climate change
Anne Gunn
People, caribou, and musk-oxen
Weather and forage: Caribou and musk-oxen
Climate change predictions
Weather and fluctuations in caribou and musk-ox numbers
Climate change, people, caribou, and musk-oxen
Summary
References
Effects of climate change on marine mammals in the Far North
Kathryn A. Ono
Marine mammals of the North Pacific
Direct effects of increased temperatures
Indirect effects due to changes in prey distribution
Summary
References
Response of anadromous fish to climate change in the North Pacific
Richard J. Beamish
Controversies over climatic impacts on fish population
dynamics
The l976-77 event in the mid-Pacific
The l976-77 event in coastal areas
The impact of climate change on salmon in fresh water
Salmon at their northern limits Fisheries management and
research in a changing climate
Sumrnary
References
HUMAN POPULATIONS AND NATURAL RESOURCES:
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES
Increments, ranges, and thresholds: Human population responses
to climate change in northern Alaska
Steve J. Langdon
Indigenous groups: Traditional resource use and settlement
Historic and cultural change: 1850-1990
Climate and history
Summary
References
Resource use in rural Alaskan communities
Donald Callaway
Where Alaskans live
Wildlife harvest characteristics in rural Alaska
The cultural importance of subsistence in rural communities
Subsistence and social organization
Subsistence, sharing, and cultural identity
Climate change, cultural change, and access to wildlife
resources in Alaska
Sumrnary
References
Warming the Arctic: Environmentalism and Canadian Inuit
George W. Wenzel
Global warming, science, and the Arctic
The Dorset-Thule transition
Diamonds in the Far North by Christy M. Parker
Global warming and green trends
Seals, snowmobiles, and green concerns
Inuit options for the future
Summary
References
NATURAL RESOURCES AND HUMAN INSTITUTIONS
IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
Global warming and conflict management: Resident native
peoples and protected areas
Patrick C. West
Two sociological premises Conflicts between Native peoples
and protected areas under conditions of climate change Water,
Electricity, and the Cree by Christy M. Parker
Preexisting conditions Conflict management strategies
Summary
References
Comanagement of natural resources: Some aspects of the
Canadian experience
Peter J. Usher
Origins and development of comanagement
What claims-based comanagement provides
Comanagement in practice Native Land Claims and Settlements
in Canada by Christy M. Parker
Some outstanding issues in comanagement
References
Common property resource management and northern protected
areas
John Wiener
Why do we need better management?
Theory of common property regimes
Summary
References
Inuit indigenous knowledge and science in the Arctic
Ellen Bielawski
Theoretical background
Case study: How Inuit construct knowledge
Case study: An ethnography of Arctic science
Traditional Resource Management
by Apangulak Charlie Kairaiuak
Summary
References
Understanding northern environments and human populations
through cooperative research: A case study in Beringia
Jeanne Schaaf
Program overview
Partnerships in ethnohistory and archeology
Russian-American collaboration
Landscape history research
Biological studies
Summary
References
Biology, politics, and culture in the management of subsistence
hunting and fishing: An Alaskan case history
Robert Bosworth
What is subsistence?
History of subsistence management in Alaska
The dual subsistence management programs
The resource management institutions: Programs and policies
Summary
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
by Darryll R. Johnson
References
Biosphere reserves: A flexible framework for regional cooperation
in an era of change
Martin F. Price
Biosphere reserves: A changing concept
Regional cooperation: Biosphere reserves in North America
Regional initiatives: Some conclusions
Biosphere reserves in the Far North in an era of climate change
Summary
References
ESSAYS: CONFLICT IN SOCIAL VALUES
Global warming, protected areas, and the right to live off the land
Patrick C. West
Preservation and the social consequences of cultural
disruption
Advocacy within the conflict management game
When push comes to shove: The power equation
Finding common ground: Regional advisory boards
Summary
References
Preserving environmental values in parks and protected areas
Chip Dennerlein
A paradigm shift in the North
Protected area designation and new management challenges
Environmental values in protected areas
Subsistence and management challenges
Summary: A sustainable future
References
SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS
An interdisciplinary assessment of climate change on northern
ecosystems: The Mackenzie Basin Impact Study
Stewart J. Cohen
Finding common ground
Researching impacts in a multidisciplinary group setting
Collaboration with stakeholders
Climate change and merging agendas
A midterm progress report
Life after MBIS?
Summary and a final note: It isn't over yet
References
An action plan for an uncertain future in the Far North
David L. Peterson and Darryll R. Johnson
Priorities for the future
Small steps and giant Ieaps
References
Index
AUTHORS
Richard J. Beamish
Pacific Biological Station
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6
Canada
Ellen Bielawski
Arctic Institute of North America
University of Calgary
2500 University Drive N.W.
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4
Canada
Robert Bosworth
Division of Subsistence
Alaska Department of Fish & Game
P.O. Box 25526
Juneau, AK 99802
Donald Callaway
Subsistence Division
National Park Service
2525 Garnbell Street
Anchorage, AK 99503-2892
Stewart J. Cohen
Climate and Atmospheric Research Directorate
Environment Canada
4905 Dufferin Street
Downsview, Ontario M3H 5P4
Canada
Chip Dennerlein
National Parks and Conservation Association
329 F. Street #208
Anchorage, AK 99516
Sue A. Ferguson
USDA Forest Service
Pacific Northwest Research Station
4043 Roosevelt Way N.E.
Seattle, WA 98105
Anne Gunn
Department of Renewable Resources
Government of the Northwest
Territories
Yellowknife, N.W.T. XlA 3S8
Canada
Patrick N. Halpin
Department of Environmental Sciences
Clark Hall
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22903
John L. Hom
USDA Forest Service
5 Radnor Corporate Center
P.O. Box 6775
l00 Matsonford Rd., Suite 200
Radnor, PA l9087-4585
Darryll R. Johnson
Cooperative Park Studies Unit
Box 352100
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Apangulak Charlie Kairaiuak
1574 Wintergreen Street
Anchorage, AK 99508
Jonathan P. Kochmer
University Extension
University of Washington
140l N. 40th Street
Seattle, WA 98l03
Steve J. Langdon
Department of Anthropology
32l l Providence Drive
University of Alaska
Anchorage, AK 99508
Kathryn A. Ono
Department of Life Sciences
University of New England
Hills Beach Road
Biddeford, ME 04005
Christy M. Parker
Cooperative Park Studies Unit
Box 352100
University of Washington
Seattle, WA98195
Dand L. Peterson
Cooperative Park Studies Unit
Box 352100
University of Washington
Seattle, WA98195
Martin F. Price Environrnental Change Unit
University of Oxford
la Mansfield Road
Oxford OXl 3TB
Great Britain
E. Fred Roots
UNESCO-MAB Northern Sciences
Network
R.R. #3
Wakefield, Quebec JOX 3G0
Canada
Jeanne Schaaf
Division of Cultural Resources
National Park Service
2525 Gambell Street
Anchorage, AK 99503-2892
Peter J. Usher
P. J. Usher Consulting Services
Box 4815, Station E
Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5H9
Canada
George W. Wenzel
Department of Geography
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6
Canada
Patrick C. West
School of Natural Resources & Environment
Dana Building
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48l09-lll5
John Wiener
Environment and Behavior Program
Institute of Behavioral Science
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO 80309-0468
