PhD in science: most of these teach, and conduct research in, science in a
science department at an institution of higher learning.
EdD in science (education): most of these teach, and conduct research in,
pedagogy of science in an education department at an institution of higher
learning. Many of these show up in school administration positions, too.
If you are mostly into doing biology, get the PhD. If you are mainly
interested in pedagogy, go for the EdD.
No?
Interestingly, neither of these is focused on teaching YOU to be a good
teacher. Historically, professors aren't expected to be "teachers" in the way
that high-school teachers are. That's why they're called "professors" - all
they ever used to do was profess (to/at the students).
Joe