PCI address translation is necessary for some non-x86 platforms. On
such platforms, address value (denoted as "device address" or "address
in PCI view") set to PCI BAR registers in configuration space might be
different from the address which is used by CPU to access the
registers in memory BAR or IO BAR spaces (denoted as "host address" or
"address in CPU view"). The difference between the two addresses is
called "Address Translation Offset" or simply "translation", and can
be represented by "Address Translation Offset" in ACPI QWORD Address
Space Descriptor (Offset 0x1E). However UEFI and ACPI differs on the
definitions of QWORD Address Space Descriptor, and we will follow UEFI
definition on UEFI protocols, such as PCI root bridge IO protocol and
PCI IO protocol. In UEFI 2.7, "Address Translation Offset" is "Offset
to apply to the Starting address to convert it to a PCI address". This
means:
1. Translation = device address - host address.
2. PciRootBridgeIo->Configuration should return CPU view address, as
well as PciIo->GetBarAttributes.
Summary of addresses used:
1. Base and Limit in PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_APERTURE are device address, for
it is easy to check whether the address is below 4G or above 4G.
2. Address returned by
EFI_PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_PROTOCOL::GetProposedResources
is device address, or else PCI bus driver cannot set correct address
into PCI BAR registers.
3. Address returned by PciRootBridgeIo->Configuration is host address
per UEFI 2.7 definition.
4. Addresses used in GCD manipulation are host address.
5. Addresses in ResAllocNode of PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE are host
address, for they are allocated from GCD.
6. Address passed to PciHostBridgeResourceConflict is host address,
for it comes from ResAllocNode.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Heyi Guo <heyi....@linaro.org>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu...@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheu...@linaro.org>
Cc: Star Zeng <star.z...@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.d...@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <ler...@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kin...@intel.com>
---
.../Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c | 74 +++++++++++---
.../Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostResource.h | 2 +
.../Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c | 112 ++++++++++++++++++---
MdeModulePkg/Include/Library/PciHostBridgeLib.h | 8 ++
4 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
diff --git a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c
b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c
index 1494848..e8979eb 100644
--- a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c
+++ b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c
@@ -32,6 +32,29 @@ EDKII_IOMMU_PROTOCOL *mIoMmuProtocol;
EFI_EVENT mIoMmuEvent;
VOID *mIoMmuRegistration;
+STATIC
+UINT64
+GetTranslationByResourceType (
+ IN PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge,
+ IN PCI_RESOURCE_TYPE ResourceType
+ )
+{
+ switch (ResourceType) {
+ case TypeIo:
+ return RootBridge->Io.Translation;
+ case TypeMem32:
+ return RootBridge->Mem.Translation;
+ case TypePMem32:
+ return RootBridge->PMem.Translation;
+ case TypeMem64:
+ return RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Translation;
+ case TypePMem64:
+ return RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
/**
Ensure the compatibility of an IO space descriptor with the IO aperture.
@@ -411,8 +434,12 @@ InitializePciHostBridge (
}
if (RootBridges[Index].Io.Base <= RootBridges[Index].Io.Limit) {
+ // Base and Limit in PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_APERTURE are device address.
+ // According to UEFI 2.7, device address = host address + Translation.
+ // For GCD resource manipulation, we should use host address, so
+ // Translation is subtracted from device address here.
Status = AddIoSpace (
- RootBridges[Index].Io.Base,
+ RootBridges[Index].Io.Base -
RootBridges[Index].Io.Translation,
RootBridges[Index].Io.Limit - RootBridges[Index].Io.Base + 1
);
ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
@@ -422,7 +449,7 @@ InitializePciHostBridge (
EfiGcdIoTypeIo,
0,
RootBridges[Index].Io.Limit -
RootBridges[Index].Io.Base + 1,
- &RootBridges[Index].Io.Base,
+ &RootBridges[Index].Io.Base -
RootBridges[Index].Io.Translation,
gImageHandle,
NULL
);
@@ -443,14 +470,18 @@ InitializePciHostBridge (
for (MemApertureIndex = 0; MemApertureIndex < ARRAY_SIZE (MemApertures);
MemApertureIndex++) {
if (MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base <=
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Limit) {
+ // Base and Limit in PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_APERTURE are device address.
+ // According to UEFI 2.7, device address = host address + Translation.
+ // For GCD resource manipulation, we should use host address, so
+ // Translation is subtracted from device address here.
Status = AddMemoryMappedIoSpace (
- MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base,
+ MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Translation,
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Limit -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base + 1,
EFI_MEMORY_UC
);
ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
Status = gDS->SetMemorySpaceAttributes (
- MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base,
+ MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Translation,
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Limit -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base + 1,
EFI_MEMORY_UC
);
@@ -463,7 +494,7 @@ InitializePciHostBridge (
EfiGcdMemoryTypeMemoryMappedIo,
0,
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Limit -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base + 1,
- &MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base,
+ &MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Base -
MemApertures[MemApertureIndex]->Translation,
gImageHandle,
NULL
);
@@ -824,12 +855,17 @@ NotifyPhase (
switch (Index) {
case TypeIo:
+ // Base and Limit in PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_APERTURE are device address.
+ // According to UEFI 2.7, device address = host address +
Translation.
+ // For AllocateResource is manipulating GCD resource, we should use
+ // host address here, so Translation is subtracted from Base and
+ // Limit.
BaseAddress = AllocateResource (
FALSE,
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length,
MIN (15, BitsOfAlignment),
- ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->Io.Base, Alignment + 1),
- RootBridge->Io.Limit
+ ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->Io.Base, Alignment + 1) -
RootBridge->Io.Translation,
+ RootBridge->Io.Limit - RootBridge->Io.Translation
);
break;
@@ -838,8 +874,8 @@ NotifyPhase (
TRUE,
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length,
MIN (63, BitsOfAlignment),
- ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Base,
Alignment + 1),
- RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Limit
+ ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Base,
Alignment + 1) - RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Translation,
+ RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Limit -
RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Translation
);
if (BaseAddress != MAX_UINT64) {
break;
@@ -853,8 +889,8 @@ NotifyPhase (
TRUE,
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length,
MIN (31, BitsOfAlignment),
- ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->Mem.Base, Alignment + 1),
- RootBridge->Mem.Limit
+ ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->Mem.Base, Alignment + 1)
- RootBridge->Mem.Translation,
+ RootBridge->Mem.Limit - RootBridge->Mem.Translation
);
break;
@@ -863,8 +899,8 @@ NotifyPhase (
TRUE,
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length,
MIN (63, BitsOfAlignment),
- ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Base,
Alignment + 1),
- RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Limit
+ ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Base,
Alignment + 1) - RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation,
+ RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Limit -
RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation
);
if (BaseAddress != MAX_UINT64) {
break;
@@ -877,8 +913,8 @@ NotifyPhase (
TRUE,
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length,
MIN (31, BitsOfAlignment),
- ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->PMem.Base, Alignment + 1),
- RootBridge->PMem.Limit
+ ALIGN_VALUE (RootBridge->PMem.Base, Alignment + 1)
- RootBridge->PMem.Translation,
+ RootBridge->PMem.Limit -
RootBridge->PMem.Translation
);
break;
@@ -1152,6 +1188,7 @@ StartBusEnumeration (
Descriptor->AddrSpaceGranularity = 0;
Descriptor->AddrRangeMin = RootBridge->Bus.Base;
Descriptor->AddrRangeMax = 0;
+ // Ignore translation offset for bus
Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = 0;
Descriptor->AddrLen = RootBridge->Bus.Limit -
RootBridge->Bus.Base + 1;
@@ -1421,7 +1458,12 @@ GetProposedResources (
Descriptor->Desc = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_DESCRIPTOR;
Descriptor->Len = sizeof
(EFI_ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_DESCRIPTOR) - 3;;
Descriptor->GenFlag = 0;
- Descriptor->AddrRangeMin =
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Base;
+ // AddrRangeMin in Resource Descriptor here should be device address
+ // instead of host address, or else PCI bus driver cannot set correct
+ // address into PCI BAR registers.
+ // Base in ResAllocNode is a host address, so Translation is added.
+ Descriptor->AddrRangeMin =
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Base +
+ GetTranslationByResourceType (RootBridge, Index);
Descriptor->AddrRangeMax = 0;
Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = (ResStatus == ResAllocated) ?
EFI_RESOURCE_SATISFIED : PCI_RESOURCE_LESS;
Descriptor->AddrLen =
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length;
diff --git a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostResource.h
b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostResource.h
index 8612c0c..662c2dd 100644
--- a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostResource.h
+++ b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostResource.h
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ typedef enum {
typedef struct {
PCI_RESOURCE_TYPE Type;
+ // Base is a host address instead of a device address when address
translation
+ // exists and host address != device address
UINT64 Base;
UINT64 Length;
UINT64 Alignment;
diff --git a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c
b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c
index dc06c16..04ed411 100644
--- a/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c
+++ b/MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c
@@ -86,12 +86,23 @@ CreateRootBridge (
(Bridge->AllocationAttributes &
EFI_PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_COMBINE_MEM_PMEM) != 0 ? L"CombineMemPMem " : L"",
(Bridge->AllocationAttributes & EFI_PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_MEM64_DECODE) !=
0 ? L"Mem64Decode" : L""
));
+ // We don't see any scenario for bus translation, so translation for bus is
just ignored.
DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " Bus: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->Bus.Base,
Bridge->Bus.Limit));
- DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " Io: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->Io.Base,
Bridge->Io.Limit));
- DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " Mem: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->Mem.Base,
Bridge->Mem.Limit));
- DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " MemAbove4G: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->MemAbove4G.Base,
Bridge->MemAbove4G.Limit));
- DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " PMem: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->PMem.Base,
Bridge->PMem.Limit));
- DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, " PMemAbove4G: %lx - %lx\n", Bridge->PMemAbove4G.Base,
Bridge->PMemAbove4G.Limit));
+ DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " Io: %lx - %lx translation=%lx\n",
+ Bridge->Io.Base, Bridge->Io.Limit, Bridge->Io.Translation
+ ));
+ DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " Mem: %lx - %lx translation=%lx\n",
+ Bridge->Mem.Base, Bridge->Mem.Limit, Bridge->Mem.Translation
+ ));
+ DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " MemAbove4G: %lx - %lx translation=%lx\n",
+ Bridge->MemAbove4G.Base, Bridge->MemAbove4G.Limit,
Bridge->MemAbove4G.Translation
+ ));
+ DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " PMem: %lx - %lx translation=%lx\n",
+ Bridge->PMem.Base, Bridge->PMem.Limit, Bridge->PMem.Translation
+ ));
+ DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " PMemAbove4G: %lx - %lx translation=%lx\n",
+ Bridge->PMemAbove4G.Base, Bridge->PMemAbove4G.Limit,
Bridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation
+ ));
//
// Make sure Mem and MemAbove4G apertures are valid
@@ -206,7 +217,10 @@ CreateRootBridge (
}
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Type = Index;
if (Bridge->ResourceAssigned && (Aperture->Limit >= Aperture->Base)) {
- RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Base = Aperture->Base;
+ // Base in ResAllocNode is a host address, while Base in Aperture is a
+ // device address, so translation needs to be subtracted.
+ RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Base = Aperture->Base -
+ Aperture->Translation;
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Length = Aperture->Limit -
Aperture->Base + 1;
RootBridge->ResAllocNode[Index].Status = ResAllocated;
} else {
@@ -403,6 +417,28 @@ RootBridgeIoCheckParameter (
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
+EFI_STATUS
+RootBridgeIoGetMemTranslationByAddress (
+ IN PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge,
+ IN UINT64 Address,
+ IN OUT UINT64 *Translation
+ )
+{
+ if (Address >= RootBridge->Mem.Base && Address <= RootBridge->Mem.Limit) {
+ *Translation = RootBridge->Mem.Translation;
+ } else if (Address >= RootBridge->PMem.Base && Address <=
RootBridge->PMem.Limit) {
+ *Translation = RootBridge->PMem.Translation;
+ } else if (Address >= RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Base && Address <=
RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Limit) {
+ *Translation = RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Translation;
+ } else if (Address >= RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Base && Address <=
RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Limit) {
+ *Translation = RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation;
+ } else {
+ return EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+ }
+
+ return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
/**
Polls an address in memory mapped I/O space until an exit condition is met,
or a timeout occurs.
@@ -658,13 +694,24 @@ RootBridgeIoMemRead (
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
+ PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge;
+ UINT64 Translation;
Status = RootBridgeIoCheckParameter (This, MemOperation, Width, Address,
Count, Buffer);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
- return mCpuIo->Mem.Read (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address,
Count, Buffer);
+
+ RootBridge = ROOT_BRIDGE_FROM_THIS (This);
+ Status = RootBridgeIoGetMemTranslationByAddress (RootBridge, Address,
&Translation);
+ if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
+ return Status;
+ }
+
+ // Address passed to CpuIo->Mem.Read should be a host address instead of
+ // device address, so Translation should be subtracted.
+ return mCpuIo->Mem.Read (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address
- Translation, Count, Buffer);
}
/**
@@ -705,13 +752,24 @@ RootBridgeIoMemWrite (
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
+ PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge;
+ UINT64 Translation;
Status = RootBridgeIoCheckParameter (This, MemOperation, Width, Address,
Count, Buffer);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
- return mCpuIo->Mem.Write (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width,
Address, Count, Buffer);
+
+ RootBridge = ROOT_BRIDGE_FROM_THIS (This);
+ Status = RootBridgeIoGetMemTranslationByAddress (RootBridge, Address,
&Translation);
+ if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
+ return Status;
+ }
+
+ // Address passed to CpuIo->Mem.Write should be a host address instead of
+ // device address, so Translation should be subtracted.
+ return mCpuIo->Mem.Write (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address
- Translation, Count, Buffer);
}
/**
@@ -746,6 +804,8 @@ RootBridgeIoIoRead (
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
+ PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge;
+
Status = RootBridgeIoCheckParameter (
This, IoOperation, Width,
Address, Count, Buffer
@@ -753,7 +813,12 @@ RootBridgeIoIoRead (
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
- return mCpuIo->Io.Read (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address,
Count, Buffer);
+
+ RootBridge = ROOT_BRIDGE_FROM_THIS (This);
+
+ // Address passed to CpuIo->Io.Read should be a host address instead of
+ // device address, so Translation should be subtracted.
+ return mCpuIo->Io.Read (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address -
RootBridge->Io.Translation, Count, Buffer);
}
/**
@@ -788,6 +853,8 @@ RootBridgeIoIoWrite (
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
+ PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_INSTANCE *RootBridge;
+
Status = RootBridgeIoCheckParameter (
This, IoOperation, Width,
Address, Count, Buffer
@@ -795,7 +862,12 @@ RootBridgeIoIoWrite (
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
- return mCpuIo->Io.Write (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address,
Count, Buffer);
+
+ RootBridge = ROOT_BRIDGE_FROM_THIS (This);
+
+ // Address passed to CpuIo->Io.Write should be a host address instead of
+ // device address, so Translation should be subtracted.
+ return mCpuIo->Io.Write (mCpuIo, (EFI_CPU_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH) Width, Address
- RootBridge->Io.Translation, Count, Buffer);
}
/**
@@ -1615,25 +1687,39 @@ RootBridgeIoConfiguration (
Descriptor->Desc = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_DESCRIPTOR;
Descriptor->Len = sizeof (EFI_ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_DESCRIPTOR) - 3;
+ // According to UEFI 2.7, RootBridgeIo->Configuration should return address
+ // range in CPU view (host address), and ResAllocNode->Base is already a
CPU
+ // view address (host address).
Descriptor->AddrRangeMin = ResAllocNode->Base;
Descriptor->AddrRangeMax = ResAllocNode->Base + ResAllocNode->Length - 1;
Descriptor->AddrLen = ResAllocNode->Length;
switch (ResAllocNode->Type) {
case TypeIo:
- Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_IO;
+ Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_IO;
+ Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = RootBridge->Io.Translation;
break;
case TypePMem32:
- Descriptor->SpecificFlag =
EFI_ACPI_MEMORY_RESOURCE_SPECIFIC_FLAG_CACHEABLE_PREFETCHABLE;
+ Descriptor->SpecificFlag =
EFI_ACPI_MEMORY_RESOURCE_SPECIFIC_FLAG_CACHEABLE_PREFETCHABLE;
+ Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = RootBridge->PMem.Translation;
+ Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_MEM;
+ Descriptor->AddrSpaceGranularity = 32;
+ break;
+
case TypeMem32:
+ Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = RootBridge->Mem.Translation;
Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_MEM;
Descriptor->AddrSpaceGranularity = 32;
break;
case TypePMem64:
- Descriptor->SpecificFlag =
EFI_ACPI_MEMORY_RESOURCE_SPECIFIC_FLAG_CACHEABLE_PREFETCHABLE;
+ Descriptor->SpecificFlag =
EFI_ACPI_MEMORY_RESOURCE_SPECIFIC_FLAG_CACHEABLE_PREFETCHABLE;
+ Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = RootBridge->PMemAbove4G.Translation;
+ Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_MEM;
+ Descriptor->AddrSpaceGranularity = 64;
case TypeMem64:
+ Descriptor->AddrTranslationOffset = RootBridge->MemAbove4G.Translation;
Descriptor->ResType = ACPI_ADDRESS_SPACE_TYPE_MEM;
Descriptor->AddrSpaceGranularity = 64;
break;
diff --git a/MdeModulePkg/Include/Library/PciHostBridgeLib.h
b/MdeModulePkg/Include/Library/PciHostBridgeLib.h
index d42e9ec..21ee8cd 100644
--- a/MdeModulePkg/Include/Library/PciHostBridgeLib.h
+++ b/MdeModulePkg/Include/Library/PciHostBridgeLib.h
@@ -20,8 +20,16 @@
// (Base > Limit) indicates an aperture is not available.
//
typedef struct {
+ // Base and Limit are the device address instead of host address when
+ // Translation is not zero
UINT64 Base;
UINT64 Limit;
+ // According to UEFI 2.7, Device Address = Host Address + Translation,
+ // so Translation = Device Address - Host Address.
+ // On platforms where Translation is not zero, Translation is probably
+ // negative for we may translate an above-4G host address into a below-4G
+ // device address for legacy PCIe device compatibility.
+ UINT64 Translation;
} PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_APERTURE;
typedef struct {
--
2.7.4
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