In article <IOet7.11245$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Magenta <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>"Dennis Roberts" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
>> let's say that you do a simple (well executed) 2 group study ...
>> treatment/control ... and, are interested in the mean difference ... and
>> find that a simple t test shows a p value (with mean in favor of
>treatment)
>> of .009

>> while it generally seems to be held that such a p value would suggest that
>> our null model is not likely to be correct (ie, some other alternative
>> model might make more sense), does it say ANYthing more than that?

>You could use it in conjunction with your sample/group sizes to get an idea
>of effect size.  For example, if you got that p-value with group sizes of 40
>that could be a very interesting result.  However, if each group contained
>100,000 subjects it may not be so interesting because the effect size will
>be so much smaller.

What should be done is to give the likelihood function,
which contains the relevant information.

One can carry out a simple calculation to show that the
idea of a nearly constant p value is WRONG.  Feel free to
change the model and weights; the results will be somewhat
similar, and this one is easy to calculate without using
numerical methods.

Suppose that one wishes to test that the mean \mu of a
distribution is 0.  The importance of rejecting the
hypothesis if it is true is one; the importance of
accepting the hypothesis if it is false, and \mu lies
in a set of area A, is A/(2\pi).

Let the data be summarized by a normal vector with mean
\mu and covariance matrix vI.  Then it can be shown that
the optimal procedure is to use a p value of v, assuming
v < 1.  If v >= 1, just reject.

-- 
This address is for information only.  I do not claim that these views
are those of the Statistics Department or of Purdue University.
Herman Rubin, Dept. of Statistics, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette IN47907-1399
[EMAIL PROTECTED]         Phone: (765)494-6054   FAX: (765)494-0558


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