Theory of CPH Schema; In classical mechanics and relativity have been accepted that repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed are two separable items. But repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed depend to each other in theory of CPH.
Questionable deductions; The Einstein’s theorem about being stable the speed of light is a principle and the 1st law of Newton's laws is a principle. The principles are witnessing perception, like Euclid’s geometry's principles. Also we know a principle, be true since there were not any other against effect to opposite it. Let mention on this point that, this principle is true as the experienced trust. It means, we do not envisage to the any against idea or theorem or event, since offering this idea. With modern physics, light’s speed in vacuum is the same and we have not any answer about this to say why? I think the solution of the above questionable deductions is finding the answer of this question why the speed of light is constant? Thus, the structure of my question is not, is the speed of light stable true? I will ask let we do not stop on this principle. Let we trying to know why this principle is true? You know it is believable that many of discovers was happened when scientists did not stop on a principle. For example the fifth’s Euclid principle is one of them. Geometry did development when mathematicians did ask; why this principle is true? I have been believed that we must consider the Newton's second law and Quantum mechanics and Relativity at the same time. I suggest we start by studying the structure of photon. The Structure of Photon: For explain the structure of photon, let take a new look at the effect of gravity field on photons. I endeavored to have a new different looking to the effect of Gravitation on the photon. We will be applied by known physics laws. By these reasons I studied these two Relations: E=m c2 and E=hf by carefully. Then I found that the photon is formed by many particles that I called them Creation Particles HIGGS or CPH. Below I defined the CPH and had been working on structure of photon to explain the phenomenon. Definition of CPH >From the relation E=hf we have: E1=hf, E2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed by D), so: m=h/c2=7x10 power minus 49 kg Take: m(CPH)=7x10 power minus 49 kg, we can show that the mass of a photon with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f. The difference between the photons is in n (the number of CPH.) By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...) are formed by many CPH. Also By according W=fd=DE, (Delta signed by D), we can show that the amount of gravity force that is need to produce m=7x10-49 kg is equal; F=2.8x10 power minus 33 N That the amount of force that a graviton does carry. The Principle of CPH: The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and without any external forces in all inertial frames. So that: grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space The external forces can not increasing or decreasing the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from each other and absorb each other. And this action and reaction continue till distance between them reaches to near zero. Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S in t time in an inertial frame, then: S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0 or ax+ay+az=0 A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along movement with object. When object passes in the Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of CPH changing from transferred condition to other motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH and Newton’s second law we can write: F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay) The above relation means that the amount of speed of CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis increases or decreases, such speed of object increases or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of object does change and it accelerates (positive or negative relativity the observer). The Limitations in Universe Newton's laws show that there is not limitation for velocity. Also there is not limitation for increasing mass in a part of universe. Relativity shows there is a limitation for velocity and it is c. But by consider the mass relativity there is not any limitation for mass (or mass-energy). Einstein in General Relativity shows that the geometry of space depends to mass and density of mass in space. Mass does bending the space. But this bending of space reaches to what, is impossibility to have a good foresight. Also let take a new look at relation F= - dU/dx. . And please remember that the speed of gravity force has limit, and gravity force moves with light’s speed as (in relativity). Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship between gravity force and potential energy. It did grow into habit that physicists consider to right side of above relation. This is a fact that U does change of a point (as high) to another point. Question is that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its potential energy does change. Does gravity force of earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with this movement and force doing push object toward earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object’s kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes to potential energy. I have been believed that there is not any infinity in the universe. The limitation of velocity is not c, it is Vc, and Vc >c and human never can measure it. The velocity of mass has a limitation, but it is not c. The limitation of speed in a frame (inertial or no inertial) depends to forces in frame. And the limitation of speed in an inertial frame is the speed of graviton in it. And usually the speed of graviton is greater than light’s speed. Because a part of CPH’s linear speed loses in photon by interaction between each other. When the velocity of an object increases, spin and other motion of CHP those are in object, changes to linear motion. So radius of electron’s orbit decreases, and radius of nuclear deceases and volume of atom decreases until CPH contact each other and object does explode. So never the velocity of an object reaches to limitation of speed. . Although the growing of mass has a limitation and when the amount of mass reaches to its limit, the CPH do not obey from external forces and body explodes. The limitation of mass is that the all of CPH’s motion changes to spin, then CPH do not obey of external force and body explodes. Falling Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone and there is not any interaction between earth and other bodies in universe. When CPHs reach to earth, they absorb by earth and CPHs obey of forces that exit there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon. There are two fields; one is around the earth and other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth, other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the earth. So that Fe=Fm. Suppose a stone is on the surface of earth. The system (earth and stone) is at equilibrium to replying CPH. I take it and shooting upward the earth. I give a lot CPH to stone upward the earth and it takes velocity v and kinetic energy 1/2mv2. But stone is moving in earth’s gravitational field. There are many CPH that are moving toward earth. CPH has mass equal m(cph) and velocity c (it has spin and calls graviton). A CPH of gravity field collides with a CPH in stone and putting it out of stone, itself goes far of stone, or goes toward the other particles in stone. Suppose a CPH that calls A in gravity field is moving toward the earth and reaches to a CPH on an electron in stone that calls B. A and B contact with each other, and A comes back to earth gravity and B moves with speed c toward the nuclear of atom, and contact with a CPH in nuclear. B stays in nuclear and another CPH leaves nuclear and so on till a CPH leaves stone. And it pushing stone toward the earth. A flow of CPH comes to pass between all particles and atoms in stone. Also a flow of CPH comes to pass between stone and earth. Intensity of current between stone and earth depends to earth mass (as M) and stone’s mass (m+1/2mv2) and theirs distance. Intensity of current decreasing until that v reaches to zero. Then stone accelerates toward the earth. In this case interaction between gravity field’s CPH and object’s CPH depends to velocity of object. Suppose a photon is falling toward the surface of a star. By consider GR when a photon is falling in a gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon increases. So in gravity field the limitation of speed depends to Intensity of g. And the speed of graviton is equal the limitation of speed in gravity field. When the speed of light reaches to limitation of speed in gravity field, the speed and frequency of photon does not changes. So, the limitation of speed in earth’s gravity field is not the speed of light. And it is the speed of graviton. Collision; Suppose shot A with mass m and velocity v is moving toward the shot B with mass m that is rest (masses are equal). They collide each other. Suppose after collision A is stable and B moves with velocity v. Before collision: Shot A; relativity mass is m+1/2mv2, shot B m. Please remember the Newton’s first law. All of CPH in A are moving with their inertia same as A. After collision; Shot A; relativity mass is m, shot B m+1/2mv2. In during the collision force FA acting on B. Many of CPH leave A and arrive at B. Their masses are equal 1/2mv2. In during the collision interaction between A and B is force acting. In during the collision A’s energy changes to force, and applied on B. The reaction of leaving CPH is force that applied on A. So, FA=FB, and observer see that FA=dmv/dt, and FB=dmv/dt. In during the collision, kinetic energy equal 1/2mv2 changes to force, and force acts on B. In other word when A reaches to B, n CPH with sum mass equal 1/2mv2 transfers from A to B. It implies the equivalency of force, energy and mass. In this regard force, energy and mass are interpreted as different manifestation of the physical entity. The Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is the amount of force that can produce a CPH. By considering this principle all physical phenomenon are justifiable. Also by considering the fact that the CPH always moves with a constant amount of speed, no time has been passed from its lifetime, in other words no time has been passed from the world’s life and any effort for determining the world's life will come to a failure. So, the source of time depends on external forces. For accepting this comment it is enough to change our assumption from mass and energy and force, do not believe any specified border between them. In other words the constant of light’s speed is not only emerging from a natural accident but the amount of this speed is always constant, even when energy is in form of force. If we would like talking about only one conservation law to explain the nature, (physical law) that conservation law is the conservation law of force. Redshift is Common effect Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= - dU/dx. . And please remember that the speed of gravity force has limit, and gravity force moves with light’s speed as (in relativity). Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship between gravity force and potential energy. It did grow into habit that physicists consider to right side of above relation. This is a fact that U does change of a point (as high) to another point. Question is that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its potential energy does change. Does gravity force of earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with this movement and force doing push object toward earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By consider the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object’s kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes to potential energy. I ask you please do not stop on the above conception. Suppose a solid object has mass m at high h. It falls toward the earth. It takes kinetic energy that gives with equation 1/2mv2=mgh in during falling. When object reaches to earth, its kinetic energy changes to other energies like heat or electromagnetic energy (by spark). Suppose when object stay on the surface of earth its mass is m (its mass at high h is equal on earth). In during that object was falling, it did take kinetic energy equal 1/2mv2. Why did increase object’s kinetic energy? Cause gravity force did act on it. Now take a new look at the left side of relation F= - dU/dx and remember deltaU=1/2mv2. In during that object was falling, gravity force converted to kinetic energy (by consider the relativity gravity force changed to mass). So, gravity force has mass. In the other word gravity field is weakly mass. The movement of object (it was falling) is medium to conversion gravity force to energy and vice versa. Blueshift and Redshift When a photon is falling toward the earth, its kinetic energy increases same as other objects. So, the frequency of photon increases and changes to high frequency. Observer saw that photon shifts toward the blue frequency. Gravity force converts to electromagnetic energy. A quantum of gravity force (graviton) is that does change the photon’s frequency from f to f+1. When photon is moving upward the earth, its frequency shifts toward the red. Suppose a photon does form on the surface of a black hole. Photon is unable escapes of its gravity field. Photon shifts toward red and gradually all of photon’s energy converts to gravity force. The Range of gravity field The universal gravitational law shows that the range of gravity force is infinity. So, earth’s gravity force does effect on all of things that are in universe. Suppose earth did formed x years ago. A star is at distance y light years of earth and y>x. The earth’s gravity field had not been reaching to star yet. Cause by considers relativity the speed of graviton is c. When star’s gravity force does reach to earth, earth to reaction of it sends a graviton toward the star. This graviton is pushing earth toward the star, as same star’s graviton is pushing star. Suppose an object leaves earth and it is moving toward the Mars. A graviton that is coming of moon and it is pushing moon, reaches to object. When this graviton arrives to object, another graviton leaves object and pushing object toward the moon. So, the range of gravity field has limitation, and it is not infinity. Does shift earth toward red and blue? Redhift and blueshift is using for light. But this effect is common effect. Suppose a photon is moving upward the earth. A graviton leaves it and moving toward earth. When this graviton reaches to earth, another graviton leaves earth and moving toward photon. By consider the speed of graviton and photon, in during that earth’s graviton is passing distance between earth and photon, photon has a displacement equal d. (speed of graviton is greater than light’s speed). It is probability that graviton never reaches to photon and absorbs by other thing and arrives to it and another graviton leaves it and moving toward the earth. So, the photon’s graviton leaves it forever and addition to earth gravity field. When a photon shifts toward red in earth field, earth shifts toward blue. In interaction between earth and stars, earth shifts toward red. Please remember that there are many stars in universe that they are moving very fast and theirs speed are near the light’s speed. An observer on this star saw that earth shifts toward red. Black hole: Schema; By according the formal physics black holes are thought to form from stars or other massive objects if and when they collapse from their own gravity to form an object whose density is increase. Let take a new look at a black hole’s born by according the CPH Theory. In This letter by according the relation F= - dU/dx I will explain when a star does emit photons and other particle, the density of gravity increases. Then star does collapse. At first time John Michell published an article about the black hole in 1783. In 1799 Pierre Simon Laplace proofed that a great body maybe a black hole. A black hole is a body that light cannot escape from its gravity field. How happens this case? Pierre Simon Laplace did give the relation VR=(2GM/R)1/2 for escape velocity. When VR is equal or greater than c, there is a black hole. The escapes velocities for some bodies are these: The escape velocity on earth is 11.2 km/s The escape velocity on moon is 2.25 km/s The escape velocity on sun is 600 km/s When on a great body the escape velocity is greater than light’s speed, it calls black hole. A Black Hole Is Born Black holes are thought to form from stars or other massive objects if and when they collapse from their own gravity to form an object whose density is infinite. In during most of a star's lifetime, nuclear fusion in the core generates electromagnetic radiation, including photons, the particles of light. This radiation exerts an outward pressure that exactly balances the inward pull of gravity caused by the star's mass. As the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the outward forces of radiation diminish, allowing the gravitation to compress the star inward. The contraction of the core causes its temperature to rise and allows remaining nuclear material to be used as fuel. The star is saved from further collapse, but only for a while. If the star is sufficiently massive or compressible, it may collapse to a black hole. If it is less massive or made of stiffer material, its fate is different: it may become a white dwarf or a neutron star. CPH Theory and Black Hole’s Born Let take a new look at relations F=Gm1m2/r2 and F= - dU/dx. . Relation F= - dU/dx shows that there is a relationship between gravity force and potential energy. It did grow into habit that physicists consider to right side of above relation. This is a fact that U does change of a point (as high) to another point. Question is that changing of U has any effect on gravity field or no? Suppose an object moves upward the earth. Its potential energy does change. Does gravity force of earth change or no? We know gravity force resists with this movement and force doing push object toward earth. Object loses its kinetic energy. By according the relativity kinetic energy has mass. When object’s kinetic energy does decrease, what happens for gravity force? We can say nothing and kinetic energy changes to potential energy. I ask you please do not stop on the above conception. Suppose a atom takes escape velocity on the surface of star. In during atom is moving upward, it loses its kinetic energy, what happened to gravity field? We can explain it by according photon’s red shift. When photon is leaving a star, its frequency shifts toward the red. So the Photon’s energy does decrease. So when a star is emitting particles, the strongly of gravity force on it does increase. In the other word when a star is emitting particles, in fact a lot of its mass does convert to gravity force. And the exerting outward pressure on star does strongly, then star does contraction. And then the balance between inward radiations exerts and outward pressure of gravity force does change speedy. The star collapse and a black hole are born. All of our ideas about the universe formed by our experiences on the earth. There are mass, energy and force in the earth. We never can find an object without one or two of them in the earth. But it is not meaning that there are not any pure force or pure energy in universe. A black hole can be formed only by pure force. Every thing that falls in a black hole maybe changes to force. So a black hole can forms by tree kind of material or only by force. The structure of a black hole is not comparison able with other stars. Absolute Black hole; Suppose there is a black hole that there is V=L. it is absolute black hole that nothing escape of it. No object, no light and no other electromagnetic waves are able escape of it. Never receive any signal of it to us. We see a absolute dark part in sky. There the straight velocity of CPH is so near zero. Big Bang happened of a black hole stronger than it. I think L and V are very important constants for any bodies, especially for explaining the kinds of black holes. When V=L, graviton is unable goes far of it. Graviton is able moving in its gravity field, only. Any observers are unable to feel it. When V is a little smaller than L. In interaction between black hole and other bodies, gravity wave and electromagnetic waves with very long wavelength escape of it. And so on. Repulsive gravitational force and dark energy on my theory; In classical mechanics and relativity have been accepted that repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed are two separable items. But I have been believed that this opinion is incorrect. Repulsive gravitational force and limitation of speed are depends to each other. I will try explaining that two above items is inseparable. Suppose v is the linear speed of graviton. What happens when v reaches to zero? It never happens, but v can reaches to near zero. Black hole absorbs particles and objects. Its density increases, so gravity force does strongly so much. When v reaches to zero, in other word all motions of CPH had been changed to spin, body takes critical conditions. If this black hole absorbs other objects or to reaction with other body, CPHs do not obey of external force and black hole explodes. And a part of universe does expanding. Suppose another explosion happens other space of universe. Some bodies start their travel toward the bodies of last explosion. Our universe was born by a black hole’s explosion. All bodies in our universe are interaction with bodies in other universes. The center of explosion is like the center of great bodies. There external force is near zero in the center of explosion. So, there interaction between particles and atoms do without the effect of a considerable external force. Also the center of explosion is an especially point in observable universe. All bodies are interaction to center of explosion and receive any particles to them from it and go from bodies to center of explosion. In center of explosion interaction between particles produce new particles. The center explosion’s productions start their travels toward all side of universe. Suppose A is a particle that leaves the earth toward the center of explosion. Earth takes acceleration of A. In center of explosion particles A, B, C, and D interaction with each other. And produces particles A’, B’, C’, and D’. Particle A’ travels toward the earth, and when reaches to earth gives a new acceleration to it. In my theory the geometry of universe is not that Newton said or Einstein propounded. Universe is infinite in all directions, but it is part by part. Every part is a sub universe that has itself geometry. Universe accelerates by dark energy or conservation law the amount of speed? Schema; If the universe is flat and expanding ever faster, some invisible, unidentified energy must be offsetting gravity. In the beginning, when matter was close together and the universe was dense, gravitational attraction was much stronger. Now that matter is far apart and the density of the universe is low, this mysterious energy is pushing space itself outward at an accelerating rate. Its nature is unknown. Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe * Deep as Einstein's general theory of relativity may be, it remains silent on a profound question: Is empty space really empty? Inflation models predict that it was not so in the past, and it may not be so today either. Einstein introduced a "cosmological constant" into his equations, to represent the possibility that even empty space has energy and couples to gravity. The unknown magnitude of the cosmological constant is set by parts of physics beyond Einstein's understanding---and, at present, our own. The new discovery that the expansion of the Universe appears to be accelerating suggests the presence of something dubbed "dark energy" that drives space apart. It seems likely that we have roughly measured the value of a cosmological constant or something like it. This new discovery already widely accepted because it explains many observations. The first indication was that the rate of expansion of the Universe has been increasing, revealed by Type Ia supernovae. Supporting evidence comes from studies of global geometry, structure formation, cosmic age, and galaxy clustering. They leave little doubt that in some sense Einstein's "cosmological constant" is a reality. The energy of the Universe is dominated by empty space whose gravitational effect is to pull the Universe apart. Accelerating universe and the conservation law of the amount of speed; The conservation law the amount of speed is able explain the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The conservation law the amount of speed is result able of Theory of CPH. In fact all principles and laws that had been accepted are result able of Theory of CPH. Theory of CPH is based on a definition of CPH and a principle of CPH. Definition of CPH >From the relation E=hf we have: E1=hf, E2=h(f+1) so; DE=E2-E1=h=mc2,(Delta signed by D), so: m=h/c2=7x10-49 kg Take: m(CPH)=7x10-49 kg, we can show that the mass of a photon with energy E and frequency f is equal nm, and n=f. The difference between the photons is in n (the number of CPH.) By considering the E=mc2, we know that the all particles (electron, positron, proton, antiproton...) are formed by many CPH. The Principle of CPH: The CPH is a particle with constant mass. CPH moves with constant straight speed Vc, in empty space and without any external forces in all inertial frames. So that: grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space The external forces can not increasing or decreasing the amount of speed of CPH. The external force is the factor that changing the route of movement of CPH from straight motion to other motion. When CPH has spin, it is graviton. Any contact between CPH, they go far from each other and absorb each other. And this action and reaction continue till distance between them reaches to near zero. Example: Suppose a point on the CPH passed route's S in t time in an inertial frame, then: S/t=constant=Vc, so, dS/dt=0 or ax+ay+az=0 A CPH in an object has spin and transferred along movement with object. When object passes in the Gravitation field (or other fields), the movement of CPH changing from transferred condition to other motion and vise versa. Suppose the gravity force F applies on CPH. By considering the Principle of CPH and Newton’s second law we can write: F=m(ax+ay+az)=0 or az= - (ax+ay) The above relation means that the amount of speed of CPH on the x-axis and y-axis changes to amount of speed on the z-axis. So the speed on the z-axis increases or decreases, such speed of object increases or decreases. Then observer saw that the speed of object does change and it accelerates (positive or negative relativity the observer). The Conservation Law of The Amount of Speed Suppose atom1 formed with n1 CPH, atom2 formed with n2 CPH and so on. Summations the amount of speed CPH that are in atoms are n1Vc, n2Vc and so on, in any inertial frame. Suppose all of CPH that universe did form with of them is equal n CPH. So the summation the amounts of speed in universe is equal S=nVc. Any CPH has a linear motion and other movement with objects or other particles. Any explosion does change other motion of CPH to linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion of universe does increase. Sun does emit 4x10 power 12 kg per second. When sun’s light or particles reach to earth, their linear momentums do transfer to earth. So earth takes acceleration. We know any star does burst and they do emit a lot of CPH to space. So the linear momentum of bodies increases and they accelerate. So universe has acceleration. If explosion of bodies was being equal of production of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration. Gravity Storm; Bodies started their motion and did go far center of explosion, after than Big Bang had happened. Bodies were going far each other and they were impressionable other bodies. so, when a body has been going far of other bodies, its kinetic energy has been changing to CPH and has been arriving it. CPH has been moving all sides of universe, especially toward the center of explosion. When CPHs reach to them at a space from many bodies, they have different directions. It is like a pool that many tubes with different directions are feeding water to pool. CPH create storm gravity. We can not see gravity force, so when we are looking at a point of space, there is no any visible things. But storm gravity produces any particle or photon or mass and feed to universe. And we saw many kinds beam of particle receive to earth. But we never can see the source of these particles. Some observations By Theory of CPH The Newton’s first law Definition and the principle of CPH are can able to explain every phenomenon. And every law is result able. CPH has linear motion without any external force. Every objects form with a number of CPH. Without any external force, all particles in this object are bounded with internal forces. The object’s inertia depends to inertia of CPHs that object forms of them. Without any external force object’s motion is straight motion. The conservation law of momentum The momentum of CPH is constant. The external force changes its linear momentum to angular momentum and vice versa. So, the momentum is conserve in any inertial frame and any space. Dilation time The speed of CPH is constant and moves by limitation of speed. So, no time passes of CPH. Seems that time depends to external force. External force can not changes the amount of speed of CPH. But external force can changes the speed of objects. So, time is for objects only. Any object has a time life and its time life depends to external force. Length Contraction When the linear speed of an object increases that an external force applied on it in direction of linear speed. So, other motion of CPH like spin and arbitrary motion changes to linear motion. The radius of electron’s orbit decreases and bulk of atoms decreases. The bulk of atom decreases until CPHs do contact with each other and any contact between the CPHs, they go far from each other and system explodes. So, volume never reaches to zero. The Conservation Law of Mass-Energy Classical mechanic had two conservation laws. One was the conservation law of mass, and other was the conservation law of energy. We know these laws are correct at closed systems only. In a closed system energy is conserved, so in a closed system momentum is conserved. Relativity propounded the conservation law of mass-energy. Evidence show it is correct. Mass and energy are two changeable quantities. We know the conservation law of mass-energy is correct. Mass changes to energy and energy changes to mass. But it is a questionable deduction. Are there mass and energy in universe, only? Suppose universe is a closed system. This supposition is acceptable. Did form universe of mass and energy only? There is not other thing in universe? All evidence shows that objects take energy in fields. When an electron accelerates in an electrical field, it takes energy. In this case mass does not changes to energy. Field produces energy. When an object accelerates by force, it takes energy. Also in this case mass does not changes to energy. Field produces energy. So the conservation law of mass-energy is not correct in universe. We can find space between stars that there is force only and there is empty of mass and energy. We never can find any closed system that there were mass and energy, only. But suppose there is a really closed system and it is isolate of others. No external force applied on this closed system. Suppose the summation of all energies is equal x, and summation of mass is equal y kg. There happens a nuclear explosion and z kg mass changes to energy. What happens for nuclear forces? They do go to nothing? All evidence show there is a relationship between force and energy. Force and energy is convertible. Field is weakly energy. Fundamental forces All forces are particles. Every field does form by flowing of their particles that come to pass between sources. The force particle and its source are same. Mass and gravity force are same, mass is convertible to gravity force, and vise versa and so on. Also, force and energy is convertible. In this letter I am trying to explain gravity force and electric force and nuclear strong force particles. Gravity force Earth has gravity field. Gravity field forms of many CPH that are moving toward the earth and they are interacting with which other. Suppose earth is alone and there is not any interaction between earth and other bodies in universe. When CPH reach to earth, they absorb by earth and CPH obey of forces that exit there. But earth is not alone and it does interaction with other bodies. Take a look at earth and moon. There are two fields; one is around the earth and other is around the moon. When a CPH reaches to earth, other one moves toward the moon and pushing earth toward moon. Also when a CPH reaches to moon, other one moves toward the earth and pushing moon toward the earth. So that Fe=Fm. There is a current of CPH between earth and other objects. Also this current exists between every object and others. Nuclear Strong Force Particle The nuclear strong field is same as gravity field. When a proton is alone, like the hydrogen atom, there is not any flow between it and other protons. Proton has positive charge. Also it has spin. Suppose two protons are moving toward each other. There are two resistances for contraction them. One is electric charge and another is spin. Any contact between these protons, they go far from each other. But when they have high energy, energy produces an attractive force between them. Then distance between protons goes to near zero. Proton keeps its spin and electric charge. And nuclear has spin. In a heavy nuclear there are many flow of strong force current between each other. Suppose there are twenty protons and neutron in a nuclear that call A, B, C, D…etc. Then a current of strong force particles is between A and B, also a current is between A and C.etc. When a strong force particle from A reaches to B, another leaves B toward the A and pushing it toward B and so on. Nucleus has spin, also protons and neutrons have spin in nucleus. So, when a strong force particle leaves a proton one side of nucleus toward the other side, it passes a very twisted path. These currents cover the nucleus and a strong field does form. the radius of field depends to path of current nuclear strong force. By consider the above seems that the nuclear strong force particle does find by energy. Also, gravity force produces energy; so nuclear strong force particle does form by graviton. Electricity force There are two electricity charges. Negative charge shows with N and positive charge that shows with P. Also there two electric force, one is attractive that shows with A, and repulsive force that shows with R. Suppose an electric force particle is moving. It reaches to another electric force particle. They combine which other and produce two new electric force particles. Productions are attractive or repulsive as following; N+P=2A N+N=2R P+P=2R Explain; Negative charge and negative charge; Suppose N leaved an electron1 and is moving that reaches to other N that is coming of electron2. They combine and do convert to two R (repulsive force). They repulsive each other and do go far. One of them moves toward electron1 and shutting it far of electron2. Electron1 accelerates and escape of electron2. When electron1 accelerates R convert to N and leaves it. For electron2 happens same action. Positive charge and positive charge; It is same as Negative charge and negative charge. Positive charge and negative charge; N leaved an electron and is moving that reaches to P that is coming of a proton. They combine and do convert to two A. They leave each other and do move toward the electron and proton. When one of them reaches electron, it does pushing it toward the proton and another N leaves electron. For proton happens same function. When A reaches to proton, pushing it toward the electron. Then it converts to P and leaves proton. Result1; In nucleus protons emit positive force particles. But when they reach to each other, they convert to repulsive force particles. So, positive force particle is electric force particle in during that leaves proton until reaches to another electric positive force particle. So, the affect of electric charge in nucleus is different of other cases. Result2; When two protons move toward each other with high energy, there is not any nuclear strong force. When they do combine each other, energy does change to nuclear strong force. So, by consider CPH theory, all forces form of CPH and they are particles. Why has acceleration the expanding of universe? By according Theory of CPH every thing do form by CPH. And CPH moves with linear speed Vc without any external forces. So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space It means the summation the amounts of speed in universe is constant. Suppose there are n CPH in universe. The summation the amounts of speed in universe is equal nVc. Any CPH has a linear motion and other movement with objects. So any explosion does change other motion of CPH to linear motion. When a star explodes the linear motion of universe does increase. We know any star does burst. So the linear motion increases by every burst. So seems that the universe has acceleration. (See appendix). If explosion of bodies was being equal of production of other bodies, universe has not any acceleration. Matrix of fundamental force I had defined CPH in Theory of CPH. CPH moves with constant linear speed Vc without any external forces. Vc is limitation of speed in universe. So that; grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space When CPH has spin, it calls graviton. CPH is gravity force and graviton does carry gravity force (see following appendix). Suppose two CPH are moving with speed Vc , Distance between them is R. We can choice two matrix 2x2. Matrix1; Line1; R , 0 Line2; 0 , – R Cause distance has direction. Matrix2; Line1; CPH , 0 Line2; 0 , CPH Matrix1 cross Matrix2 give MatrixA; MatrixA; Line1; torque1 , 0 Line2; 0 , - torque1 Torque1 is equal RxCPH. That means a CPH starts its rotation. By according the grad Vc=0 in all inertial frames and any space CPH take spin. One of them takes right spin and other one takes left spin. Then graviton does find. Distance between them decreases and their spin do increase. When R goes to near zero, the unit of energy does find. We call it CPH2, it means there are two CPH. CPH2 has not spin. It is the least (smallest) quantum of energy. Matrix3; Line1; d , 0 Line2; 0 , - d Matrix4; Line1; CPH2 , 0 Line2; 0 , CPH Matrix3 cross Matrix4 gives B Matrix B; Line1; torque2 , 0 Line2; 0 , - torque1 CPH2 and CPH take spin. Then photon does find spin. Distance between CPH2 and CPH goes to near zero and CPH3 does find. In the other word a photon with frequency 3 does find. Also it has spin. Our universe was born by a Big Bang. All bodies in our universe have interaction with each other. Also all bodies have interaction to center of explosion and it is an especial point in observable universe. There have been receiving many gravitons of other bodies in center of explosion. There is interaction between gravitons very speedy. But the center of explosion is like the center of great bodies. The external force is near zero in the center of explosion. And particles that do produce start their travels toward all side of universe. Suppose a lot of CPH reach there. When density of CPH increase in space, then interaction does speedy. Choice two Matrixes nxn Matrix of distances; Line1; d1 , 0 , 0 , 0 . … Line2; 0, d2 , 0 , 0 , … Line k; all members are zero and there is dk in column k, and di is distance. Matrix of CPH Line1; CPH , 0 , 0 , … Line2; 0 , CPH , 0 ,0 , … Line k; all members are zero and there is a CPH in column k. Matrix of distance cross Matrix of CPH Then interaction between them produces a lot of photons or other particle. Particle force and Field Force is quantized and lesser quantum of force is the amount of force that can produce a CPH. We can calculate the force F that used for produce a CPH in Pound and Rebka's experiment that they did at 1960 in Harvard University. Gamma’s wave has about 1020 CPH, and in this experiment d was 22.5m. By according this experiment we can calculate that a graviton carries a force a bout F=2.8x10 power minus 33 N By calculate we can find the gravity force between electron and proton in hydrogen atom that is equal Fg=3.7x10 power minus 47 N CPH does come to pass between electron and proton constantly. By consider the velocity of CPH and distance between electron and proton in atom; all CPH in structure of proton and electron do change several times in a second. In what time all of earth’s CPH does change? The electric force between electron and proton in hydrogen atom is equal: Fe=8.1x10 power minus 8 N So, the electric force particle is very stronger than gravity force particle. When electron is on its orbit in atom, the interaction of electric force is between it and proton only. So atom is neutral. Electron leaves its orbit. Let call it electron A. Suppose there are a few free electric charges (positive and negative). Electron A does reaction with them. Then a few electrons leave their orbits in that space. Electron A does reaction with new charges. But the effect of electron A on charges does not change. How can explain it? By according the electric field, there is a stable electric field around the electron and it is able affects to many charges. It is not acceptable. But by according the CPH theory it is explainable. When an electric effect of a new charge reaches to electron A, electron A produces a particle electric force by gravitons that are around it. Electric charge is an engine to produce electric force of gravitons. When an electric is alone, it does condense gravitons and send to space constantly. When it does neutral by a positron or a proton, it does not produce and send electric particle force. When an electric field does change, gravitons resistance with it. The graviton's reaction to changing electric field is production a magnetic field. Nuclear Strong Force Particle The production of nuclear strong force particle is same as electric particle force. When two protons have high energy, they produce a strong attractive force between them. So, energy produces the nuclear strong force particle. By according the CPH Theory, CPH produces every fundamental force. Best regards Hossein javadi Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] . . ================================================================= Instructions for joining and leaving this list, remarks about the problem of INAPPROPRIATE MESSAGES, and archives are available at: . http://jse.stat.ncsu.edu/ . =================================================================
