Dear Forest, you wrote (9 Jan 2002): > How are "strategical nomination" problems and the clone > problems related?
There are two kinds of strategical nominations: clones and irrelevant alternatives. An election method violates "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" when there are situations where you can increase the winning probability of a given already running candidate by introducing an additional candidate. An election method violates "Independence from Clones" when there are situations where you can (1) increase or decrease the probability that a candidate of a given set of clones is elected by introducing additional clones to this set of clones or (2) increase or decrease the probability that a given candidate is elected by introducing additional clones to a set of clones to which this candidate doesn't belong. "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" and "Independence from Clones" describe two different nomination strategies. Examples: Random Candidate meets "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" and violates "Independence from Clones". Tideman's Ranked Pairs method meets "Independence from Clones" and violates "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives". Markus Schulze
