The factor by which the round-off points of Hill differ from those of Bias-Free tends to be very nearly twice the factor by which the round-off points of Webster differ from those of Bias-Free. That ratio seems to keep getting closer to exactly 2, from above, as the size of the two consecutive integers increases. If I remember correctly, it's about 2.01 between 1 and 2, and it's about 2.00001 between 10 and 11.

If it's necessary to propose a simple, familiar, precedented apportionment method, then people should be asked if they prefer Hlamilton's completely unbiased randomness or Webster's very slight tendency to favor large states.

The latter would probably sound worse to residents of small states, but the former would probably cause more anger in its operation.

Mike Ossipoff

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