1. NFPA 70

2. the standard-specific Design Manual published by CSA.

3. C22.2 No. 0.4-04, clause 4.4.5
Conductive elements whose surfaces are coated with a poorly conducting
material such as paint, and between which electrical contact is essential to a
bond, shall have their coatings removed at the point of contact unless an
investigation of the  onstruction and manufacturing process demonstrates that
the requirements for impedance and fault capacity can be met without removing
the surface coating.

4.  C22.2 No. 0.4-04, clause 3.4.4.11
Contact between surfaces, one or both of which are unplated ferrous metal,
shall not be considered sufficiently reliable for electrical bonding purposes
except in the compression zone of a suitable conductive fastener (e.g., screw,
bolt, or nut) where the compression of the metal parts or the cutting action
of the fastener parts is such that oxidation or corrosion is unlikely to
reduce conductivity between the metal parts.

5. Various UL PAGs - focus on 508 and 60950



From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]]On Behalf Of
[email protected]
Sent: Tuesday, June 09, 2009 10:20 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: lock washer in ground conduction path.

There seem to be arguments for using a lock washer, particularly a star
washer, between a ring lug and a chassis connection point since it could
improve (lessen) the impedance of the circuit by breaking through surface
oxides and corrosion. 

There are arguments against using lock washers in this manner, because they
often have a smaller conductive cross-section than the ring lug itself and are
not otherwise rated for electrical service. 

Does anyone know of any electrical design standard or authoritative guidance
document that squarely addresses this question? 

Of course, for the issue of mechanical stability, a washer can be placed on
the top side of the lug, and so not participate directly in the conduction
path. 

Lauren Crane 
Product Regulatory Analyst
Corporate Product EHS Lead
Applied Materials Inc.
Austin, TX 512 272-6540 [#922 26540]

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