Whatever the reason, may have to go back 100 years. Go to books.google and read 
"Practical testing of electrical machines" by Leonard Oulto. Remember that the 
periods for some test sequences are similar. Same time period also found in 
other standards for some types of mold stress-relief tests, min 
pre-conditioning, and other non-electrical stuff. 

So your theory of the work-day period seems more than coincidental. But we 
still need the insight from those older and wiser as to why this time period 
seems to be common.

Note that most of the transformer standards have a (convoluted) test flow where 
the 7 hour over-load test is just the 'gateway' for other longer-term stuff.

Brian

From: Doug Powell [mailto:[email protected]] 
Sent: Monday, February 02, 2015 4:35 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: [PSES] Historical question, 7 hours

All,
Today I was reviewing an output overload requirement and once again there is 
that ubiquitous number of "7 hours" in the test duration.  I have seen this in 
a wide variety of tests such as power supply output overloads and short 
circuits, locked rotor tests, battery reversal tests and so on. Of course, 
there are many other tests with different durations, but this #7 seems to be 
very common.  For a number of years I have wondered what is the magic behind 
this number and so today I am asking if anyone actually knows the history 
behind this choice.
My suspicion is that this number is based the need of a 1/2 hour to set up the 
test and a 1/2 hour to record the results, 7 hours to stabilize the results, 
making for an 8 hour day.  Apparently, back in the mists of time, someone came 
up with this scheme and thereafter everyone else copied it (plagiarism being 
the sincerest form of flattery). Could it really be as simple as that or is 
there no other scientific basis to prove all tests lasting at more than 7 hours 
will not fail... say 7 hours and 5 minutes?


On a side note, I have worked with products having enough thermal capacity that 
one thermal time constant is on the order of hours.  On some of those products, 
thermal stability is not achievable in less than 10 hours.

Thanks, :Doug
Douglas E Powell

[email protected]
http://www.linkedin.com/in/dougp01

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