I'm pretty sure EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE won't have the intended behaviour of
actually exporting symbols when compiled with non-emscripten triples.

On Sat, Jan 29, 2022 at 4:08 PM Floh <[email protected]> wrote:

> Thanks for the thorough explanation Sam! Regarding this PR:
> https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/16149, as far as I
> have seen, only the EM_JS() macros caused trouble (with a non-emscripten
> triple), I haven't seen any linker warnings regarding EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE
> functions (which I'm using too in the same code base).
>
> I'll try to bring the current workaround (use wasm32-emscripten just for
> the C code with the EM_JS macros, and wasm32-freestanding for the Zig
> code), into a better shape tomorrow and then will most likely write a Zig
> ticket, I think the Zig stdlib needs a few fixes for wasm32-emscripten (if
> just some empty stubs), so that a complete project can be compiled with
> this triple.
>
> Cheers!
> -Floh.
>
> On Saturday, 29 January 2022 at 20:47:24 UTC+1 [email protected] wrote:
>
>> Short term fix/wrokaround is here:
>> https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/16149
>>
>> On Sat, Jan 29, 2022 at 11:32 AM Sam Clegg <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>> The undefined symbol error you are seeing here is coming from the
>>> post-linking phase.  The way EM_JS works is that the function is that
>>> function `foo` declared as external using
>>> `__attribute__((import_name("foo")))` and the data symbol `__em_js_foo` is
>>> defined in the data section along with `__attribute__((used,
>>> visibility("default")))`.    For more details on this see
>>> https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/blob/main/system/include/emscripten/em_js.h#L23-L49
>>> .
>>>
>>> I believe the problem you are seeing stems from the different meaning of
>>> `__attribute__((used))` under emscripten compared to with triples.    The
>>> problem stems from the fact that we use `__attribute__((used))` to
>>> implement the EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE macro, which is defined to mean "keep
>>> this symbol alive *and* export it to JS under its symbol name".
>>>
>>> If you use wasm-objdump to look at an object file containing EM_JS
>>> symbols you will see them marked as both "no_strip" and "exported".  For
>>> example:
>>>
>>> ```
>>>   - 38: D <__em_js__noarg> segment=0 offset=0 size=36 [ exported
>>> no_strip binding=global vis=default ]
>>>   - 39: D <__em_js__noarg_int> segment=0 offset=36 size=55 [ exported
>>> no_strip binding=global vis=default ]
>>>   - 40: D <__em_js__noarg_double> segment=0 offset=91 size=61 [ exported
>>> no_strip binding=global vis=default ]
>>>   - 41: D <__em_js__intarg> segment=0 offset=152 size=41 [ exported
>>> no_strip binding=global vis=default ]
>>> ```
>>>
>>> If you compile the same source using a non-emscripten triple you will
>>> see them only marked as `no_strip` which is a more traditional meaning of
>>> the `used` attribute which simply tells the linker to keep them around in
>>> the binary, not to export them.   Here is where the hack/difference is:
>>> https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/333f5019300c6e56782374627e64da0b62ffa3bc/llvm/lib/MC/WasmObjectWriter.cpp#L1773-L1777
>>>
>>> There are two ways we can solve this issue I believe.
>>>
>>> 1. Long term solution: Stop abusing `__attribute__((used))`, and thus
>>> remove this special handling in emscripten.  We should really have a
>>> separate attribute to mark a symbol as exported.  I've been trying to get
>>> this done for while but its stalled.  See
>>> https://reviews.llvm.org/D76547
>>> 2. Short term solution: Use the more explicit (but not
>>> EMSCIRPTEN_KEEPALIVE-compatible), 'export-name' attribute in em_js.h. I
>>> think this should "just work".
>>>
>>> cheers,
>>> sam
>>>
>>>
>>> On Sat, Jan 29, 2022 at 10:22 AM Floh <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Spot on Alon :)
>>>>
>>>> It works if I hardwire just the C library (with the EM_JS functions) to
>>>> the wasm32-emscripten triple.
>>>>
>>>> The Zig code needs to be compiled either with wasm32-wasi or
>>>> wasm32-freestanding, when using wasm32-emscripten, parts of the Zig stdlib
>>>> won't compile.
>>>>
>>>> Also, when I tried to use wasm32-freestanding with the C code, then
>>>> wasm-ld complained about some missing stack-check functions (don't have the
>>>> exact symbol at hand currently).
>>>>
>>>> ...I think I have enough to build a little 'proof-of-concept', even
>>>> though it's a bit hacky :)
>>>>
>>>> Thanks!
>>>> -Floh.
>>>> On Saturday, 29 January 2022 at 18:58:53 UTC+1 [email protected] wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Sam can confirm, but I would guess perhaps the emscripten triple is
>>>>> necessary. That is, clang and/or wasm-ld might do something for EM_JS code
>>>>> but only in emscripten mode.
>>>>>
>>>>> If we can confirm that then we should definitely get a bug filed on
>>>>> Zig - hopefully it would be easy to add support for the emscripten triple
>>>>> there and open up a bunch of use cases...
>>>>>
>>>>> On Sat, Jan 29, 2022 at 9:12 AM Floh <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm currently tinkering with bringing one of my toy Zig projects to
>>>>>> the web via
>>>>>> Alon's nice gist here which uses emcc only for the linker step:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://gist.github.com/kripken/58c0e640227fe5bac9e7b30100a2a1d3
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ...and it *nearly* works except for code that uses EM_JS() macros.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The project (https://github.com/floooh/pacman.zig) consists of some
>>>>>> C code (my cross-platform 'sokol headers') which uses EM_JS() quite
>>>>>> extensively (very handy for STB-style single-file libraries), and at the
>>>>>> top, the "game code" is written in Zig.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm compiling all code with Zig with the wasm32-wasi target
>>>>>> (wasm32-emscripten exists, but currently doesn't seem to be supported by
>>>>>> the Zig compiler), and then use emcc for linking.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Long story short, it works except for the one problem that emcc
>>>>>> cannot resolve any functions which have been defined with EM_JS(). If I
>>>>>> compile the same library with emcc instead of Zig it works.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So my question is: does emcc also do some "EM_JS() magic" when
>>>>>> compiling the source code which contains EM_JS macros? Maybe I'm missing
>>>>>> some Clang command line options which emcc inserts?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The errors look like this:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> error: undefined symbol: sapp_js_add_clipboard_listener (referenced
>>>>>> by top-level compiled C/C++ code)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Followed by:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> warning: _sapp_js_add_clipboard_listener may need to be added to
>>>>>> EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS if it arrives from a system library
>>>>>> ...there's also a single warning about malloc:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ...if I compile with "-s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0", then the code
>>>>>> breaks at runtime failing to resolve those EM_JS() functions, e.g.:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "missing function: sapp_js_pointer_init"
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Compiling the same static link library with emcc, it magically works.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> If I look at both libraries with nm I don't see much of a difference,
>>>>>> e.g. here's the relevant parts from the emcc-compiled library, every 
>>>>>> EM_JS
>>>>>> symbol has an "D __em_js..." entry, and a matching "U sapp_js..." entry,
>>>>>> e.g.:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 0000185f D __em_js__sapp_js_add_beforeunload_listener
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>> U sapp_js_add_beforeunload_listener
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The Zig-compiled library has the same entries:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 00001841 D __em_js__sapp_js_add_beforeunload_listener
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>> U sapp_js_add_beforeunload_listener
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ...yet one library (the zig-compiled) produces linker errors for
>>>>>> those symbols, and the other (emcc-compiled) works.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Clearly I'm missing something. I was expecting that all the EM_JS()
>>>>>> magic is in the linker (by extracting the __em_js_* Javascript source 
>>>>>> code
>>>>>> strings, and then "somehow" providing the C function import). Any ideas
>>>>>> what I'm missing?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks!
>>>>>> -Floh.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
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>>>>>> .
>>>>>>
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>>>>
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