-----Original Message----- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Date: Friday, May 28, 1999 6:20 AM Subject: NIPR newsletter, May 1999 > > > >1 - Simon et. al., "Valuing Mortality Reductions in India: A Study of >Compensating-Wage Differentials" >http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/work_paper/wps2078.htm > >2 - Parry and Bento, "Tax Deductions, Environmental Policy, and the "Double >Dividend" Hypothesis" > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/work_paper/wps2119.htm > >3 - U.S. EPA's Compliance Information Project Features Four Papers from NIPR > http://es.epa.gov/oeca/oppa/rt.htm > >4 - The media reports on the Philippines EcoWatch public information disclosure >status > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/comrole.htm#ecowatch > >5 - EPAs of the World updated, and more OnTheNet environmental websites > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/epas/index.htm > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/onthenet.htm > >Dear Friends: > >The NIPR site continues its commitment to provide timely and informative >research and analysis of industrial pollution regulation and control issues in >the developing world with several additions for May. These include two new >research papers and several new Internet-related features. Also of note is a >compilation by the U.S. EPA of compliance-related information that prominently >highlights the NIPR team's research. > >1 - Simon et. al., "Valuing Mortality Reductions in India: A Study of >Compensating-Wage Differentials" > >Conducting cost-benefit analyses of health and safety regulations requires >placing a dollar value on reductions in health risks, including the risk of >death. Compensating-wage differentials derived from labor market data are often >used to value mortality risks. Nathalie Simon, Maureen Cropper, Anna Alberini, >and Seema Arora estimate compensating- wage differentials for risk of fatal and >nonfatal injuries in India's manufacturing industry. Their estimates imply a >value of statistical life (VSL) in India of 6.4 million to 15 million 1990 >rupees (roughly $150,000 to $360,000 at current exchange rates). This number is >between 20 and 48 times forgone earnings, larger than in comparable U.S. studies >but smaller than the ratio implied by the only other compensating-wage study for >India (Shanmugam 1997). The authors caution that in India, as in the United >States, compensating-wage differentials in the labor market may overstate what >individuals would themselves pay to reduce the risk of death. They suggest using >their estimates as an upper bound on willingness to pay to reduce risk of death, >and forgone earnings as a lower bound. > > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/work_paper/wps2078.htm > >2 - Parry and Bento, "Tax Deductions, Environmental Policy, and the "Double >Dividend" Hypothesis" > >Recent studies find that environmental tax swaps typically exacerbate the costs >of the tax system and therefore do not produce a "double dividend". This paper >by Ian Parry and Antonio Bento extends previous models by incorporating >tax-favored consumption goods. In this setting, the efficiency gains from >recycling environmental tax revenues are larger because preexisting taxes >distort the consumption bundle, in addition to factor markets. A genuine >"double dividend" is then found. The authors find that incorporating >tax-favored consumption in models of environmental tax swaps may overturn key >results from earlier studies. In particular, a revenue-neutral pollution tax >(or auctioned permits) can produce a substantial "double dividend" by reducing >both pollution and the costs of the tax system. The second dividend arises >becasue the welfare gain from using environmental tax revenues to cut labor >taxes is much larger when labor taxes also distort the choice among consumption >goods. Indeed (ignoring environmental benefits), the overall costs of a revenue >neutral pollution tax are negative in the benchmark simulations, at least for >pollution reduction up to 17 percent, and possibly up to 42 percent. In >addition, the authors show that the presence of tax-favored consumption may >drastically increase the efficiency gain from using (revenue-neutral) emissions >taxes (or auctioned emissions permits) rather than grandfathered emissions >permits. > > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/work_paper/wps2119.htm > >Note: This paper may also be received in PDF format via NIPR "mail-back". If >you would like a copy of this paper via email, send an email message to >[EMAIL PROTECTED] with the subject line "wps2119 request". The file will be >sent via return email. It is 203Kb large. > >3 - U.S. EPA's Compliance Information Project Features Four Papers from NIPR > >The U.S. EPA's Office of Planning and Policy Analysis, as part of its Compliance >Information Project (CIP), has produced a compendium of journal and research >papers examining a range of environmental compliance issues important to all >stakeholders. The CIP program seeks to improve the effectiveness of >environmental compliance efforts by conducting extensive literary searches on >relevant topics. The collection addresses a number of issues such as why firms >comply with environmental requirements; the impact of government sanctions on >business decisions; and how superior environmental performance promotes enhanced >profitability. The recently released Literature Summaries surveyed more than >one hundred compliance related documents, but only featured 17 papers, including >four found on NIPR. These include: Monitoring and Enforcement of Environmental >Policy; Empowering the Community: Information Strategies for Pollution Control; >What Improves Environmental Performance? Evidence from Mexican Industry; >Regulation in the Information Age: Indonesian Public Information Program for >Environmental Management. > > http://es.epa.gov/oeca/oppa/rt.htm > >4 - The media reports on the Philippines EcoWatch public information disclosure >status > >With a special thanks to Bebet Gozun, our colleague in Manila who provided us >with translations from Philippino to English, we are able to provide recent >media accounts of EcoWatch, the Philippine's Department of Environment and >Natural Resources (DENR) public information disclosure program. At the end of >last year, DENR publicly identified 19 heavy polluters who had not exerted any >effort to reduce and treat harmful discharges to be able to meet water quality >standards. In addition, one firm had been closed by DENR for consistent >violations of the country's Anti-Pollution Law. The translated articles are now >available with other information regarding the progress and developments of >EcoWatch. > > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/comrole.htm#ecowatch > >5 - EPAs on the 'Net updated, and more OnTheNet environmental websites > >We've updated our EPA's on the 'Net feature, which locates interesting items >made available by environmental ministry on their websites. For example, daily >air pollution reports are now retrievable for Malaysia and Taiwan. Data on >annual pollution trends may found for Taiwan, Hungary, New Zealand, and the >Philippines. Annual reports for the Philippines and Estonia are online. And >Hungary has published a case study which provides a revealing insight into how >an agency views and addresses a pressing environmental problem. > >NIPR's OnTheNet page has a number of new additions as well. Notable updates >include: the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, which compiled U.S. EPA and state >government databases to create "Eco-maps" providing precise locations of toxic >chemical sources and concentrations, contaminated groundwater areas, Superfund >sites and more; the U.S. Geological Survey has an Acute Toxicity Database with >information on more than 400 chemicals; and the National Round Table on the >Environment and the Economy, which seeks to help policymakers identify key >sustainable development issues, along with potential implications and solutions. > > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/epas/index.htm > http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/onthenet.htm > >We hope the new updates on NIPR are useful with regards to your own policy work >and research efforts. As always, we welcome your comments and ideas, and we >appreciate the thoughts and suggestions many of our readers have shared with us. >If you know someone who would be interested in receiving the NIPR newsletter, >feel free to let us know or have them contact us directly. If you wish to no >longer receive our monthly mailings, please let us know by writing David Shaman >at [EMAIL PROTECTED] Best wishes. > > > ___________________________________________________________________ Mulai langganan: "subscribe envorum" ke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Stop langganan: "unsubscribe envorum" ke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Arsip di http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected] atau di http://www.egroups.com/list/envorum
