Andy asked:
> What about the idea of VGs ONLY in the wing root area?  This 
> might make the stall speed and characteristics a tad better at the lower 
> limit, without significantly changing the rest of the wing behavior.  If 
> the root is the only area that actually stalls, holding off that stall as
> long as possible seems desirable.
>  
> Even if the (partial) stall becomes more abrupt, in this case I would 
> think it would just lead to a more pronounced mushing, and the extra 
> knot or two of "non-mush" airspeed might help keep folks out of 
> trouble at the lower end.
> 
> Just an idea...I'm no aerodynamicist either!
> 
> Andy


Andy,

Interesting thoughts.

Let's think it through more, though.

If you put vortex generators on the wing root to delay the wing root stall,
then the smooth air over the empennage allows the tail to go down farther
increasing the angle of attack of the entire wing.

Now, the entire wing, not just the wing root, is very close to the stall.
If there's an additional disturbance such as a gust, wind shear, control
movement, you could stall the entire wing.

Much of the idea of having ONLY the wing root stall is that the rest of the
wing is flying normally with smooth air and the ailerons work normally.  If
you get the main part of the wing closer to the stall, there's increased
chance that a lowered aileron will stall that wing rather than raise it.

As I discussed, I've seen reports that the airfoil used on the Coupe has
undesirable stall characteristics.

Fred Weick was THE premier researcher on aircraft stalls of his time.  He
was assistant director then director of the NACA full size wind tunnel and
was able to do extensive research on the subject.

Though it's true that vortex generators weren't available to investigate
back then, I WOULD NOT add them to a Coupe's wings as the Coupes stall
behavior was very specifically designed.

Possible results of vortex generators on a Coupe:
1.  abrupt, unexpected stalls
2a.  loss of "characteristic inability to spin" resulting in spin
2b.  inability to recover from that spin

Please be sure to get FAA approval and a REALLY GOOD aerodynamicist DER
involved in your experiments and flight tests.  This is not one to mess with
sloppily.  I'm sure they'll require rigorous (and expensive) data
collection.  (The Ercoupe was one of THE most flight tested light aircraft
ever.)  Do your experiments at altitude and be sure to wear a parachute.
 ___________________________

Also, allowing the wing to go deeper into the slow flight regime could have
another interesting effect.  That class of airfoils (low-aspect ratio,
thick, "Hershey-bar" wings) develop great lift at airspeeds over 90.  Tough
they glide well enough at the right speed, their glide ratio needs to be
higher than thinner wings.  For example, the Coupe's best glide ratio is
around 75-85 mph compared to about 50-70 for a Cessna.

At lower airspeeds, the thick wings get into a high sink regime.  Slowing a
Coupe to minimum flying speed with power off can give really dramatic sink.
I don't think I'd want to extend my Coupe's flight into even lower airspeed
ranges.

In flight (except when doing stall testing and practice), the slowest I'd
want to go would be max range speed (or minimum power airspeed) around
65-70.  This is slower than best glide ratio airspeed (or maximum range
airspeed).

I personally only **used** minimum flying speed AFTER I'd leveled out of the
flare around 1'-5' above the runway.  At this point, flying level just above
the ground, it's great to slow the plane as much as possible before
touchdown.
 _______________________

Here's something you might try.  At the end of your flare, as you are flying
level a yard or so above the ground, have your power set to about 200 rpm
above idle. I usually made this adjustment without looking during the flare,
doing it by sound after experimenting at altitude.  As I normally flew the
last part of final at idle, I would increase power during the flare **just
enough that I could hear the small difference in rpm**.

Along with this slight rpm (power) increase, hold the nose up to the runway
far-end-lights and keep it there, slowly pulling back the yoke as the
airplane slows - doing all this about a yard or so high.

This gives some slipstream blow that retards the wing root stall and also
blows down the tail better.  This allows even lower minimum airspeeds and an
even slower touchdown with low in-ground-effect sink.  This results in a
can't-feel-it squeeker touchdown most of the time (as long as the runway is
long enough because it does lengthen the float).

Good luck,

Ed



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