There are two major components. Vertical height is a major factor, as one must overcome gravity (g=9.8 m/s2).
Horizontal distance traveled 'as the crow flies' is also a major factor, as (most) road capable vehicles cannot move themselves in a direct vertical manner. Consider a low sloping ramp 10 miles long vs a steep ramp 1 mile long. Rolling resistance affects the horizontal component. Air resistance affects all motion through the air. Vehicle aerodynamics can reduce the effects of air resistance. Both are generally included in a vehicle's Wh/mile value for flat terrain. An EV consuming 250 Wh/mile will use 2.5 kWh moving 10 miles on flat ground. Air resistance decreases with air density. Air density decreases with altitude increases. Air density decreases with temperature increases. Air temperature usually decreases with altitude increases (but atmospheric inversions sometimes exist). I'm not going to calculate any separate effects of air resistance. Miles of range consumed is based on the change in miles of range remaining. Miles of range is an estimate based on the estimated battery state of charge (Wh remaining) and the estimated vehicle energy consumption rate (Wh/mile). Vehicle range meter algorithms can vary. Some may attempt to dynamically adjust displayed range based on recent consumption. Some use a fixed Wh/mile value (Tesla). Battery temperature affects usable battery capacity, and might be a factor in a specific vehicle's guess-o-meter range estimator, but that is another complication that I also won't calculate because it isn't generalizable. h = 1000' = 304.8 meters m = 2k lb car = 907.2 kg m = 3.5k lb car =1587.6 kg m = 5k lb car = 2268 kg 3600 Joules = 1 Wh E = mgh (using kg, Earth's gravity, meters) 2k lb car E = 907.2*9.8*304.8 = 2709843 Joules = 753 Wh 3.5k lb car E = 1587.6*9.8*304.8 = 4742225 Joules = 1317 Wh 5k lb car E = 2268*9.8*304.8 = 6774607 Joules = 1881 Wh 1000' vertical on a 6.3% grade is 3 miles horizontal. Pikes peak averages 6.6%. Assuming a 250 Wh/mile 3.5k lb EV on the slope mentioned above: 3 miles*250=750 Wh 750+1317=2067 Wh 2067/250=8.27 miles consumed on range estimate. Assuming a 333.3 Wh/mile 5k lb EV on the slope mentioned above: 3 miles*333.3=1000 Wh 1000+1881=2881 Wh 2881/333.3=5.65 miles consumed on range estimate. The miles of range consumed results will vary based on EV weight (less to lift), EV efficiency (better Wh/mile, say from lower weight, better aero and lower rolling resistance), and grade (steeper slopes have a shorter horizontal component). Weight dominates the climbing math, (except in the case of long low slope ramps where the horizontal distance is the biggest factor). More efficient vehicles may see more 'miles of range consumed' when climbing, if their increase in efficiency on the flat is due to factors other than just reducing mass. As such they would use less energy while driving around. It's just that those other efficiency increases don't help reduce the direct load increases from carrying mass M up height H. Similar things happen when looking at mpgs while towing with an efficient vehicle vs. a traditional vehicle. Tow vehicle energy consumption (when not towing) doesn't change the rolling resistance or aerodynamics of a trailer (which together determine most of the additional energy consumption requirements). On Tue, Oct 13, 2020, 00:22 Mark Abramowitz via EV <[email protected]> wrote: > Wouldn’t temperature have an impact on what that range drop would be? > > - Mark > > Sent from my Fuel Cell powered iPhone > > > On Oct 12, 2020, at 9:31 PM, Robert Bruninga via EV <[email protected]> > wrote: > > > > I saw a reference to 7 miles or so range loss for each 1000' of > elevation > > rise. > > I calculated about 4 miles for raising a 2000 Lb car 1000'. > > Hummh, VOLT weighs 3500 lBs, so I guess that is in the ballpark of 6 > > miles.... > > > > ANyone seen a real reference? > > bob > > -------------- next part -------------- > > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... > > URL: < > http://lists.evdl.org/private.cgi/ev-evdl.org/attachments/20201013/0c39ffe5/attachment.html > > > > _______________________________________________ > > UNSUBSCRIBE: http://www.evdl.org/help/index.html#usub > > ARCHIVE: http://www.evdl.org/archive/index.html > > INFO: http://lists.evdl.org/listinfo.cgi/ev-evdl.org > > Please discuss EV drag racing at NEDRA ( > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA) > > > > _______________________________________________ > UNSUBSCRIBE: http://www.evdl.org/help/index.html#usub > ARCHIVE: http://www.evdl.org/archive/index.html > INFO: http://lists.evdl.org/listinfo.cgi/ev-evdl.org > Please discuss EV drag racing at NEDRA ( > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA) > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... 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