On 11 Feb 2014, at 22:52, Richard Ruquist wrote:
"ASK A PHYSICIAN". I went to med school until I was too sick to
continue.
But I learned enough to never ASK A PHYSICIAN.
I agree. To be sick is bad, but to be sick and meet a doctor can be
real bad, very often. Few doctor are well prepared to say "I don't
know", and can do quite absurd experimentations. Never say "yes" to a
doctor too much quickly.
Bruno
On Tue, Feb 11, 2014 at 4:42 PM, John Mikes <jami...@gmail.com> wrote:
Richard:
I salute every step forward, trhey may (or may not) further our
cognitive and operative advancement. This work is in the line of a
positive trend - maybe overestimated in its efficiency - as most
are. If they wll be able to 'evolve' smarter individuals, I place
all my blessings on their heads.
The "brain" is a great mystery, we measure some physical -
physiological data upon it's function and assign them to factors -
(also assigned to brainfubction) furthering bodily and/or mental
activity. What do we know indeed? (Don't ask an agnostic!)
There are no specially marked physical (or physiological) data
indicating the domain of mental activity they belong to. No 'green'
mAmps for emotional, no 'orange' mAmps for scientific, no 'blue'
ones for sports, or 'square' ones for love.
Not even differentiated blood-flow measurements indicate domains
they are said to indicate. Bodily activation is easier to follow,
although ASK A PHYSICIAN...
There is some early try to decipher(?) the different connectivity of
brain-parts into topical differentiation - a good try, but far from
touching the complexity of what we assign to brainfunction - and
even that is a limited model of what may be.
I confess: I consider the human brain a relay station from source
unknown into human activity and am happy when they find medicament
(material, or treatment) to eliminate (reduce?) pathological
consequences.
Of course it is hard to dampen the enthusiasm of the inventor...
There are so many dimensions etc. we know nothing about and all of
them may influence our 'technology'.
Agnostically yours
John Mikes
On Tue, Feb 11, 2014 at 10:18 AM, Richard Ruquist
<yann...@gmail.com> wrote:
The title of this article is a bit of a reach.
But these lab results regarding self-organizing
may be of interest to this list. Richard
Human brain artificially created in laboratory
Published on Mon, Feb 10, 2014 by livia rusu
Post filled in: Genetics, Mind & Brain
Human embryonic stem cells can be induced into forming a developing
brain tissue. The brain development process represents one of the
most specific processes; during it, neuroepithelium, formed as a
flat sheet by the nervous system, grows on the exterior layer of the
embryo, after which it folds in to create a neural tube giving rise
to the brain and the spinal cord. The process implicates the
migration and proliferation of undeveloped nerve cells from the
brain at one end and the spinal cord at the other.
Human embryonic stem cells spontaneously organize into
neuroepithelial tissue containing multiple zones after growing for
70 days in culture. Via RIKEN.
The discovery made by Yoshiki Sasai, Taisuke KAdoshima and their
colleagues from RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology consisted in
treating human embryonic stem (ES) cells by the use of a system with
signaling molecules inducing the formation of nervous tissue from
the outer embryonic layer. The thesis of their scientific project
was that the cells have the capacity of spontaneously organizing
into cerebral cortical tissues - forming at the front of the
developing neural tube.
The previous research of Sasai's team had proven that a new culture
technique could involve growing ES cells in suspension, showing this
way that the cells are capable of self-organizing into complex three-
dimensional structures. The finding served as a methodology
throughout which pieces of cerebral cortex and embryonic eyes from
mouse ES cells were grown. Another more recent study has shown that
there is a complete compatibility with human embryonic stem cells
that can also organize into embryonic eyes that contain retinal
tissue and light-sensitive cells.
The last study of Sasai's team showed that the formation of nervous
tissue from the outer embryonic layer can be induced by treating
human ES cells to grow using the cell culture system with signaling
molecules. This was doubled by the finding that the cells
spontaneously organize into neuroepithelial tissue which folds up
immediately after this, to give a multilayered cortex.
During the thickening of the front end of the neural tube that
happens along with the embryonic development at both ends, waves of
cells migrate outward to mold the layered cerebral cortex as well as
other parts of the brain. What this study correlates along with this
scientific fact is that the reason for which the front end of the
neural tube's thickening is the growth of the glial fiber, spanning
the thickness of the tube and guiding migrating cells more than due
to the accumulation of immature cells within the tube, as the
scientific community had previously commonly agreed upon.
Another critical difference highlighted by the scientific research
between the development of the neuronal tube in mice in humans is
that in humans the inner surface of the neural tube and the
intermediate neuroepithelial zone underneath it contain distinct
populations of neural progenitors resembling radial glia. In
contrast, the progenitor population in mice and rats is not present
in the developing of the cortex. Kadoshima declared that 'efficient
generation of cortical tissues could provide a valuable resource of
functional neurons and tissues for medical applications', suggesting
that further research should combine this method with disease-
specific human induced pluripotent SE cells, while the reproduction
of complex human disorders is also a possible on the table for
further experiments.
Read more at
http://www.zmescience.com/medicine/genetic/human-brain-stem-cells-10022014/#yvrlccr0wdF1c2FO.99
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